Ikan dibudidayakan dengan tujuan untuk menghasilkan kecukupan produksi pangan terutama dalam pemenuhan kecukupan protein hewani. Protein ini sangat penting bagi tubuh kita yang berperan untuk membantu pertumbuhan, memelihara tubuh,membantu perombakan sel-sel tubuh yang rusak.
Ikan banyak mengandung giji. Protein, lemak ada pada ikan. ikan juga dapat membantu meningkatkan kecerdasan pikiran.
budidaya ikan dengan cerdas berarti dengan memakan ikan maka kita akan cerdas dan tehnik budidaya pun, akan mudah dilakukan
Kamis, 07 Agustus 2008
Rabu, 06 Agustus 2008
Selasa, 05 Agustus 2008
Fish anatomy
Respiratory systemMost fish exchange gases by using gills that are located on either side of the pharynx. Gills are made up of threadlike structures called filaments. Each filament contains a network of capillaries that allow a large surface area for the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide. Fish exchange gases by pulling oxygen-rich water through their mouths and pumping it over their gill filaments. The blood in the capillaries flows in the opposite direction to the water, causing counter current exchange.
They then push the oxygen-poor water out through openings in the sides of the pharynx. Some fishes, like sharks and lampreys, possess multiple gill openings. However, most fishes have a single gill opening on each side of the body. This opening is hidden beneath a protective bony cover called an operculum.Juvenile bichirs have external gills, a very primitive feature that they hold in common with larval amphibians.Swim bladder of a Rudd (Scardinius erythrophthalmus)Many fish can breathe air. The mechanisms for doing so are varied. The skin of anguillid eels may be used to absorb oxygen. The buccal cavity of the electric eel may be used to breathe air. Catfishes of the families Loricariidae, Callichthyidae, and Scoloplacidae are able to absorb air through their digestive tracts.[14] Lungfish and bichirs have paired lungs similar to those of tetrapods and must rise to the surface of the water to gulp fresh air in through the mouth and pass spent air out through the gills. Gar and bowfin have a vascularised swim bladder that is used in the same way. Loaches, trahiras, and many catfish breathe by passing air through the gut. Mudskippers breathe by absorbing oxygen across the skin (similar to what frogs do). A number of fishes have evolved so-called accessory breathing organs that are used to extract oxygen from the air. Labyrinth fish (such as gouramis and bettas) have a labyrinth organ above the gills that performs this function. A few other fish have structures more or less resembling labyrinth organs in form and function, most notably snakeheads, pikeheads, and the Clariidae family of catfish.
Being able to breathe air is primarily of use to fish that inhabit shallow, seasonally variable waters where the oxygen concentration in the water may decline at certain times of the year. At such times, fishes dependent solely on the oxygen in the water, such as perch and cichlids, will quickly suffocate, but air-breathing fish can survive for much longer, in some cases in water that is little more than wet mud. At the most extreme, some of these air-breathing fish are able to survive in damp burrows for weeks after the water has otherwise completely dried up, entering a state of aestivation until the water returns.Tuna gills inside of the head. The fish head is oriented snout-downwards, with the view looking towards the mouth.Fish can be divided into obligate air breathers and facultative air breathers. Obligate air breathers, such as the African lungfish, must breathe air periodically or they will suffocate. Facultative air breathers, such as the catfish Hypostomus plecostomus, will only breathe air if they need to and will otherwise rely solely on their gills for oxygen if conditions are favourable. Most air breathing fish are not obligate air breathers, as there is an energetic cost in rising to the surface and a fitness cost of being exposed to surface predators.
Circulatory systemFish have a closed circulatory system with a heart that pumps the blood in a single loop throughout the body. The blood goes from the heart to gills, from the gills to the rest of the body, and then back to the heart. In most fish, the heart consists of four parts: the sinus venosus, the atrium, the ventricle, and the bulbus arteriosus. Despite consisting of four parts, the fish heart is still a two-chambered heart. The sinus venosus is a thin-walled sac that collects blood from the fish's veins before allowing it to flow to the atrium, which is a large muscular chamber.
The atrium serves as a one-way compartment for blood to flow into the ventricle. The ventricle is a thick-walled, muscular chamber and it does the actual pumping for the heart. It pumps blood to a large tube called the bulbus arteriosus. At the front end, the bulbus arteriosus connects to a large blood vessel called the aorta, through which blood flows to the fish's gills.
Excretory system
As with many aquatic animals, most fish release their nitrogenous wastes as ammonia. Some of the wastes diffuse through the gills into the surrounding water. Others are removed by the kidneys, excretory organs that filter wastes from the blood. Kidneys help fishes control the amount of ammonia in their bodies. Saltwater fish tend to lose water because of osmosis. In saltwater fish, the kidneys concentrate wastes and return as much water as possible back to the body. The reverse happens in freshwater fish, they tend to gain water continuously. The kidneys of freshwater fish are specially adapted to pump out large amounts of dilute urine. Some fish have specially adapted kidneys that change their function, allowing them to move from freshwater to saltwater.Sensory and nervous systemDorsal view of the brain of the rainbow trout.Central nervous systemFish typically have quite small brains relative to body size when compared with other vertebrates, typically one-fifteenth the mass of the brain from a similarly sized bird or mammal.[16] However, some fish have relatively large brains, most notably mormyrids and sharks, which have brains of about as massive relative to body weight as birds and marsupials.[17]The brain is divided into several regions. At the front are the olfactory lobes, a pair of structure the receive and process signals from the nostrils via the two olfactory nerves.[16] The olfactory lobes are very large in fishes that hunt primarily by smell, such as hagfish, sharks, and catfish. Behind the olfactory lobes is the two-lobed telencephalon, the equivalent structure to the cerebrum in higher vertebrates. In fishes the telencephalon is concerned mostly with olfaction. Together these structures form the forebrain.
Connecting the forebrain to the midbrain is the diencephalon (in the adjacent diagram, this structure is below the optic lobes and consequently not visible). The diencephalon performs a number of functions associated with hormones and homeostasis.The pineal body lies just above the diencephalon. This structure performs many different functions including detecting light, maintaining circadian rhythms, and controlling colour changes.The midbrain or mesencephalon contains the two optic lobes. These are very large in species that hunt by sight, such as rainbow trout and cichlids.The hindbrain or metencephalon is particularly involved in swimming and balance.The cerebellum is a single-lobed structure that is usually very large, typically the biggest part of the brain.Hagfish and lampreys have relatively small cerebellums, but at the other extreme the cerebellums of mormyrids are massively developed and apparently involved in their electrical sense.The brain stem or myelencephalon is the most posterior part of the brain. As well as controlling the functions of some of the muscles and body organs, in bony fish at least the brain stem is also concerned with respiration and osmoregulation.
Sense organsMost fish possess highly developed sense organs. Nearly all daylight fish have well-developed eyes that have color vision that is at least as good as a human's. Many fish also have specialized cells known as chemoreceptors that are responsible for extraordinary senses of taste and smell. Although they have ears in their heads, many fish may not hear sounds very well. However, most fishes have sensitive receptors that form the lateral line system. The lateral line system allows for many fish to detect gentle currents and vibrations, as well as to sense the motion of other nearby fish and prey. Some fishes such as catfishes and sharks, have organs that detect low levels electric current. Other fish, like the electric eel, can produce their own electricity.Pain reception in fishIn 2003, Scottish scientists at the University of Edinburgh performing research on rainbow trout concluded that fish exhibit behaviors often associated with pain.Professor James D. Rose of the University of Wyoming critiqued the study, claiming it was flawed.Rose had published his own study a year earlier arguing that fish cannot feel pain as they lack the appropriate neocortex in the brain.Muscular systemMain article: Fish locomotionMost fish move by contracting paired sets of muscles on either side of the backbone alternately. These contractions form S-shaped curves that move down the body of the fish. As each curve reaches the back fin, backward force is created. This backward force, in conjunction with the fins, moves the fish forward. The fish's fins are used like an airplane's stabilizers. Fins also increase the surface area of the tail, allowing for an extra boost in speed. The streamlined body of the fish decreases the amount of friction as they move through water. Since body tissue is more dense than water, fish must compensate for the difference or they will sink. Many bony fishes have an internal organ called a swim bladder that adjust their buoyancy through manipulation of gases.Reproductive systemFurther information: Spawning OrgansOrgans: 1. Liver, 2. Gas bladder, 3. Roe, 4. Duodenum, 5. Stomach, 6. IntestineFish reproductive organs include testes and ovaries. In most fish species, gonads are paired organs of similar size, which can be partially or totally fused.[23] There may also be a range of secondary reproductive organs that help in increasing a fish's fitness.In terms of spermatogonia distribution, the structure of teleosts testes has two types: in the most common, spermatogonia occur all along the seminiferous tubules, while in Atherinomorph fishes they are confined to the distal portion of these structures. Fishes can present cystic or semi-cystic spermatogenesis in relation to the phase of release of germ cells in cysts to the seminiferous tubules lumen.Fish ovaries may be of three types: gymnovarian, secondary gymnovarian or cystovarian. In the first type, the oocytes are released directly into the coelomic cavity and then enter the ostium, then through the oviduct and are eliminated. Secondary gymnovarian ovaries shed ova into the coelom and then they go directly into the oviduct. In the third type, the oocytes are conveyed to the exterior through the oviduct.Gymnovaries are the primitive condition found in lungfishes, sturgeons, and bowfins. Cystovaries are the condition that characterizes most of the teleosts, where the ovary lumen has continuity with the oviduct.Secondary gymnovaries are found in salmonids and a few other teleosts.
Oogonia development in teleosts fish varies according to the group, and the determination of oogenesis dynamics allows the understanding of maturation and fertilization processes. Changes in the nucleus, ooplasm, and the surrounding layers characterize the oocyte maturation process.
Postovulatory follicles are structures formed after oocyte release; they do not have endocrine function, present a wide irregular lumen, and are rapidly reabosrbed in a process involving the apoptosis of follicular cells. A degenerative process called follicular atresia reabsorbs vitellogenic oocytes not spawned. This process can also occur, but less frequently, in oocytes in other development stages.Some fish are hermaphrodites, having testes and ovaries either at different phases in their life cycle or, like hamlets, can be simultaneously male and female.Reproductive methodOver 97% of all known fishes are oviparous, that is, the eggs develop outside the mother's body. Examples of oviparous fishes include salmon, goldfish, cichlids, tuna, and eels. In the majority of these species, fertilisation takes place outside the mother's body, with the male and female fish shedding their gametes into the surrounding water. However, a few oviparous fishes practise internal fertilisation, with the male using some sort of intromittent organ to deliver sperm into the genital opening of the female, most notably the oviparous sharks, such as the horn shark, and oviparous rays, such as skates. In these cases, the male is equipped with a pair of modified pelvic fins known as claspers.
The newly-hatched young of oviparous fish are called larvae. They are usually poorly formed, carry a large yolk sac (from which they gain their nutrition) and are very different in appearance to juvenile and adult specimens of their species. The larval period in oviparous fish is relatively short however (usually only several weeks), and larvae rapidly grow and change appearance and structure (a process termed metamorphosis) to resemble juveniles of their species. During this transition larvae use up their yolk sac and must switch from yolk sac nutrition to feeding on zooplankton prey, a process which is dependent on zooplankton prey densities and causes many mortalities in larvae.Ovoviviparous fish are ones in which the eggs develop inside the mother's body after internal fertilization but receive little or no nutrition from the mother, depending instead on the yolk. Each embryo develops in its own egg. Familiar examples of ovoviviparous fishes include guppies, angel sharks, and coelacanths.Some species of fish are viviparous. In such species the mother retains the eggs, as in ovoviviparous fishes, but the embryos receive nutrition from the mother in a variety of different ways. Typically, viviparous fishes have a structure analogous to the placenta seen in mammals connecting the mother's blood supply with the that of the embryo. Examples of viviparous fishes of this type include the surf-perches, splitfins, and lemon shark. The embryos of some viviparous fishes exhibit a behaviour known as oophagy where the developing embryos eat eggs produced by the mother. This has been observed primarily among sharks, such as the shortfin mako and porbeagle, but is known for a few bony fish as well, such as the halfbeak Nomorhamphus ebrardtii. Intrauterine cannibalism is an even more unusual mode of vivipary, where the largest embryos in the uterus will eat their weaker and smaller siblings. This behaviour is also most commonly found among sharks, such as the grey nurse shark, but has also been reported for Nomorhamphus ebrardtii.Aquarists commonly refer to ovoviviparous and viviparous fishes as livebearers.Immune systemTypes of immune organs vary between different types of fish. In the jawless fish (lampreys and hagfishes), true lymphoid organs are absent. Instead, these fish rely on regions of lymphoid tissue within other organs to produce their immune cells. For example, erythrocytes, macrophages and plasma cells are produced in the anterior kidney (or pronephros) and some areas of the gut (where granulocytes mature) resemble primitive bone marrow in hagfish. Cartilaginous fish (sharks and rays) have a more advanced immune system than the jawless fish. They have three specialized organs that are unique to chondrichthyes; the epigonal organs (lymphoid tissue similar to bone marrow of mammals) that surround the gonads, the Leydig’s organ within the walls of their esophagus, and a spiral valve in their intestine. All these organs house typical immune cells (granulocytes, lymphocytes and plasma cells). They also possess an identifiable thymus and a well-developed spleen (their most important immune organ) where various lymphocytes, plasma cells and macrophages develop and are stored.
Chondrostean fish (sturgeons, paddlefish and birchirs) possess a major site for the production of granulocytes within a mass that is associated with the meninges (membranes surrounding the central nervous system) and their heart is frequently covered with tissue that contains lymphocytes, reticular cells and a small number of macrophages. The chondrostean kidney is an important hemopoietic organ; where erythrocytes, granulocytes, lymphocytes and macrophages develop. Like chondrostean fish, the major immune tissues of bony fish (or teleostei) include the kidney (especially the anterior kidney), where many different immune cells are housed.
In addition, teleost fish possess a thymus, spleen and scattered immune areas within mucosal tissues (e.g. in the skin, gills, gut and gonads). Much like the mammalian immune system, teleost erythrocytes, neutrophils and granulocytes are believed to reside in the spleen whereas lymphocytes are the major cell type found in the thymus.
Recently, a lymphatic system similar to that described in mammals was described in one species of teleost fish, the zebrafish. Although not confirmed as yet, this system presumably will be where naive (unstimulated) T cells will accumulate while waiting to encounter an antigen.
Source : Wikipedia article
Betta fish
This is a photo of one of the 487 Betta fish entries in the tenth International Ornamental Fish and Accessories Exhibition. Betta fish breeders from all over enter their best bettas hoping to win.
Sabtu, 02 Agustus 2008
BREEDING of KOI
BREEDING of KOI
Things which must be paid attention when will breed koi [is] the availibility of pool, supply of mains of koi, ready [of] seed food, and treatment of tight selection. Pool Breeder. Pool Breeder not possible (to) become one with garden pool. Pool Breeder have to have inclusion door and door expenditure of separate water.
Besides, entire/all pool have to be plastered and can be dried finely. Wide [of] Breeder pool vary. For narrow;tight pool can use pool for the width of 3-6 m2 with deepness 0,5 m. Pool location enough get sunshine, [do] not too roaring, [is] covert from children reach and other concubine animal. If possible, providing also pool hatch of egg, and place treatment of seed. Hatch pool, its for can be square [of] length or is circular. If circular pool, its diameter [among/between] 1,5-2 m.
One pool if there [is], that is pool to grow natural food which weared for the supply of seed food if its egg yolk have [used up/finished]. Deepness of pool [about/around] 30 cm. Wide [of] [of] pool [among/between] 6-10 m2, adequate enough. To owning money enough, pool wall can be endued [by] vinyl, that is ordinary materials to make basin of fiberglass. With vinyl coat, the pools more well guaranted its hygiene and effect of cement can be eliminated. Select Mains. Especial Condition [of] mains [is] mains candidate have matured genitals and mature body. Matured [of] its meaning genitals [of] masculine mains have yielded female mains and sperma have yielded matured egg.
Mature its meaning body, physically they have ready to become productive mainss. Other condition [of] its prima physical, [do] not handicap. Its complete fins, also its its[his]. Its movement [of] classyness, well-balanced, [do] not weaken. Minimum age 2 year [at] male, clan 3 year [at] is female. compared to bigger Female [of] male, its stomach seen compared to bigger [of] back.
masculine on the contrary, more slender and its stomach flatten if seen from back. masculine Chest mains fin ready to marry will emerge white fleck. A female mains relate to 2 or 3 masculine mains. If a female only given a male [in] breeder pool and at haphazard its male [of] ngadat, fail breeder. By providing masculine stok more than one, failure of breeder can avoid. To be suggested not to to use nicest mains stok, because its bad clan usually. Children not yet of course as good as its mains. Which [is] breeding better run of the mill koi, but still have the nature of exeeding, like its condensed colour. At the (time) of seed selection, later can be selected is which [is] which are good and is which [is] which are is bad. Preparation of Pool. First time which must be drawn up for breeder [is] pool. Pool dried [by] below/under sunlight. Inclusion door attached [by] filter to shuting-out fish [him/ it] a thousand or other water pest. [At] dismissal door attached [by] filter to prevent egg which possible drift. egg of Koi patch ( adesip) in character.
Usually koi will lay eggs below/under materials or crop any kind of which can wear to paste up its egg. Therefore provide place paste up adequate egg egg of to koi can safe. place patch egg can use kakaban ( place patch made egg [him/it] of fibre of palmtree materials , weared for the breeding of goldfish. Kakaban made of [by] nipped fibre of palmtree with bamboo blade and nailed [by] me. good Kakaban [is] made from long fibre of palmtree and flatten, size measure of kakaban 40 wide cm and 120 long cm. amount of needed to be kakaban to be adapted for is big [of] female mains, usually 4-6 to each;every 1 female mains singk. [So that/ to be] can float, kakaban compiled [by] above bamboo rasher which still is intact. Above kakaban given [by] blade of bamboo and bound corps of to kakaban [do] not tercerai-berai when prolific mains couple. Before attached, kakaban cleaned, to be cleaned, and rinsed [so that/ to be] freing from mud.
Kakaban attached [by] after pool filled [by] water. Water always empty into breeder pool to stimulate couple of koi to be prolific. Besides kakaban, place patch egg can also use crop irrigate like compiled Hydrilla or string cutting in the place of fibre of palmtree. Execution of Breeder. Mains [entered/included] [by] [about/around] at 16.00 and will start midnight prolific. Female mains will swim to encircle pool followed [by] masculine mains rear. More and more their movement llama more and more to exclaim. Masculine mains paste up its body when following female mains.
At its height, female mains will [release] its egg once in a while hop into the air. this Female Aktifitas [is] immediately followed [by] male by [releasing] dilution of sperma. hit [by] eggs [is] sperma will patch [at] materials or kakaban paste up hard and other egg release. Also there are some egg which fall to pool base. Marriage finish [at] morning. Mains [is] immediately disjointed with its egg. If losing time, egg can be eaten [used up/finished] by its mains. There [is] two way of to dissociate mains of yielded egg. First, by removing mains of breeder pool and remain to let egg hatch [in] pool. Way of [both/ second] by removing egg to hatch pool. Way of first more practical because more economical farm ( pool). To prevent in order not to be attacked mushroom, eggs soaked first in condensation of Malachytgreen with dose 1 / 300.000 during 15 minute before put [in] hatch pool.
When will soak this eggs, better kakaban shaken down [at] water [so that/ to be] dirt which possible close over egg can release. hatch of Egg. [So that/ to be] hatching better, egg have to always sink and water temperature remain to be constant. If temperature too is cool, hatch will take place llama. If temperature too high, egg can die and decay. [So that/ to be] egg can terendam all, network of kakaban have to " be engulfed" into pool. For that can wear banana tree bar service. Crosscut three banana bar as long as 40 cm, last put down above kakaban with two joint bamboo as its pallet. [So that/ to be] can stabilize, banana bar smoothed down one of [the] its side. In tempo 2-3 egg day of koi have started to hatch. After hatching kakaban lifted and carried over [by] other place. Later kakaban can wear again in other opportunity. seed of Koi old age one week still is soft.
Generally people incubate egg of koi in hapa that is sack;bag which [is] have ordinary soft eye [to] to accomodate seed. [In] net, seed of koi collected easier and [do] not drift brought current. New Koi hatch still bring egg yolk as supply of first especial food. During that they not yet required food from outside because its digestion not yet been formed [by] perfection. Two or three-day later;then, they have started to swim. In this time the up for providing food to seed. This seed have to be carried over [by] magnification pool which containing many natural food. Treatment of Seed.
Seed which have swum free have to be carried over [by] magnification pool. this Magnification pool have to be drawn up, [so that/ to be] growed [by] natural pakan, one week before pemijahan. As for its preparation stages;steps as follows. Pool dried [by] during two-day below/under sunlight and sprayed with pesticide [so that/ to be] animal which [do] not desire [by] death. pesticide weared [by] Dipherex or of Nogos with dose 0,5-1,0 ppm. Later;Then to provide natural food in the form of lilliputian animal, pool fertilized with chicken dirt and hay. hay overlaped with stone and put down [by] [in] pool sudutsudut. Dirt chicken volume 1,5 singk / m2.
Door inclusion of water to pool have to give [by] filter. In a few day, hit [by] water [is] hay will turn colour to become to squeeze chocolate. But, few days later;then will be clear return. If [gift/ giving] of chicken dirt and precise hay, in a few day later;then will grow and infusoria of fitoplankton. At the moment seeds of koi have [in] including after more or less ten day, daphnia will grow.
Otherwise can grow natural food, perforced to give seed food of koi with food made in like stewed egg yolk, prawn flour, milk powder for the calf of, and special flour food for koi. To take care of water [do] not decay by rest of food made in, [in] pool [entered/included] [by] new water [so that/ to be] rest of food drift. Select Seed. Activity most difficult from network activity of breeder [is] selection of seed. Selection [done/conducted] [by] when seed old age 1 till 3 months, and seed dissociated according to size measure grow and its type. There are some tail of koi which generally grow big too, while some of again very tardy.
This selection also assist koi which [is] its tardy growth can grow normal return. During 1-3 selection months [done/conducted] [by] counted 3 or 4 times. First selection, [done/conducted] [by] [about/around] 2 week after hatching to Showa, 50 day after hatching for Ogan, 60 day for Kohaku and Taisho-Sanke. Seed which is [is] defect to be marked ruddled is, white, or just black. Usually from amount of seed hatching, good only 10-20%. [done/conducted] [both/ second] Selection to determine colour pattern and quality as a whole.
After finishing selection, fewer best seed which still remain. Seed selection only can be [done/conducted] truly by they which have close to koi. Eyesight which is [is] keen to be needed to to get good seeds [is] its quality. In general seeds of koi which get away selection have the following marking - Body and [his/its] normal fin, [do] not handicap - its Body colour have looked is uppermost, as according to its its[his] - White colour, red, black or turn yellow to look clear [do] not be mixed with other colour. source : Heru Susanto , 'KOI"
Things which must be paid attention when will breed koi [is] the availibility of pool, supply of mains of koi, ready [of] seed food, and treatment of tight selection. Pool Breeder. Pool Breeder not possible (to) become one with garden pool. Pool Breeder have to have inclusion door and door expenditure of separate water.
Besides, entire/all pool have to be plastered and can be dried finely. Wide [of] Breeder pool vary. For narrow;tight pool can use pool for the width of 3-6 m2 with deepness 0,5 m. Pool location enough get sunshine, [do] not too roaring, [is] covert from children reach and other concubine animal. If possible, providing also pool hatch of egg, and place treatment of seed. Hatch pool, its for can be square [of] length or is circular. If circular pool, its diameter [among/between] 1,5-2 m.
One pool if there [is], that is pool to grow natural food which weared for the supply of seed food if its egg yolk have [used up/finished]. Deepness of pool [about/around] 30 cm. Wide [of] [of] pool [among/between] 6-10 m2, adequate enough. To owning money enough, pool wall can be endued [by] vinyl, that is ordinary materials to make basin of fiberglass. With vinyl coat, the pools more well guaranted its hygiene and effect of cement can be eliminated. Select Mains. Especial Condition [of] mains [is] mains candidate have matured genitals and mature body. Matured [of] its meaning genitals [of] masculine mains have yielded female mains and sperma have yielded matured egg.
Mature its meaning body, physically they have ready to become productive mainss. Other condition [of] its prima physical, [do] not handicap. Its complete fins, also its its[his]. Its movement [of] classyness, well-balanced, [do] not weaken. Minimum age 2 year [at] male, clan 3 year [at] is female. compared to bigger Female [of] male, its stomach seen compared to bigger [of] back.
masculine on the contrary, more slender and its stomach flatten if seen from back. masculine Chest mains fin ready to marry will emerge white fleck. A female mains relate to 2 or 3 masculine mains. If a female only given a male [in] breeder pool and at haphazard its male [of] ngadat, fail breeder. By providing masculine stok more than one, failure of breeder can avoid. To be suggested not to to use nicest mains stok, because its bad clan usually. Children not yet of course as good as its mains. Which [is] breeding better run of the mill koi, but still have the nature of exeeding, like its condensed colour. At the (time) of seed selection, later can be selected is which [is] which are good and is which [is] which are is bad. Preparation of Pool. First time which must be drawn up for breeder [is] pool. Pool dried [by] below/under sunlight. Inclusion door attached [by] filter to shuting-out fish [him/ it] a thousand or other water pest. [At] dismissal door attached [by] filter to prevent egg which possible drift. egg of Koi patch ( adesip) in character.
Usually koi will lay eggs below/under materials or crop any kind of which can wear to paste up its egg. Therefore provide place paste up adequate egg egg of to koi can safe. place patch egg can use kakaban ( place patch made egg [him/it] of fibre of palmtree materials , weared for the breeding of goldfish. Kakaban made of [by] nipped fibre of palmtree with bamboo blade and nailed [by] me. good Kakaban [is] made from long fibre of palmtree and flatten, size measure of kakaban 40 wide cm and 120 long cm. amount of needed to be kakaban to be adapted for is big [of] female mains, usually 4-6 to each;every 1 female mains singk. [So that/ to be] can float, kakaban compiled [by] above bamboo rasher which still is intact. Above kakaban given [by] blade of bamboo and bound corps of to kakaban [do] not tercerai-berai when prolific mains couple. Before attached, kakaban cleaned, to be cleaned, and rinsed [so that/ to be] freing from mud.
Kakaban attached [by] after pool filled [by] water. Water always empty into breeder pool to stimulate couple of koi to be prolific. Besides kakaban, place patch egg can also use crop irrigate like compiled Hydrilla or string cutting in the place of fibre of palmtree. Execution of Breeder. Mains [entered/included] [by] [about/around] at 16.00 and will start midnight prolific. Female mains will swim to encircle pool followed [by] masculine mains rear. More and more their movement llama more and more to exclaim. Masculine mains paste up its body when following female mains.
At its height, female mains will [release] its egg once in a while hop into the air. this Female Aktifitas [is] immediately followed [by] male by [releasing] dilution of sperma. hit [by] eggs [is] sperma will patch [at] materials or kakaban paste up hard and other egg release. Also there are some egg which fall to pool base. Marriage finish [at] morning. Mains [is] immediately disjointed with its egg. If losing time, egg can be eaten [used up/finished] by its mains. There [is] two way of to dissociate mains of yielded egg. First, by removing mains of breeder pool and remain to let egg hatch [in] pool. Way of [both/ second] by removing egg to hatch pool. Way of first more practical because more economical farm ( pool). To prevent in order not to be attacked mushroom, eggs soaked first in condensation of Malachytgreen with dose 1 / 300.000 during 15 minute before put [in] hatch pool.
When will soak this eggs, better kakaban shaken down [at] water [so that/ to be] dirt which possible close over egg can release. hatch of Egg. [So that/ to be] hatching better, egg have to always sink and water temperature remain to be constant. If temperature too is cool, hatch will take place llama. If temperature too high, egg can die and decay. [So that/ to be] egg can terendam all, network of kakaban have to " be engulfed" into pool. For that can wear banana tree bar service. Crosscut three banana bar as long as 40 cm, last put down above kakaban with two joint bamboo as its pallet. [So that/ to be] can stabilize, banana bar smoothed down one of [the] its side. In tempo 2-3 egg day of koi have started to hatch. After hatching kakaban lifted and carried over [by] other place. Later kakaban can wear again in other opportunity. seed of Koi old age one week still is soft.
Generally people incubate egg of koi in hapa that is sack;bag which [is] have ordinary soft eye [to] to accomodate seed. [In] net, seed of koi collected easier and [do] not drift brought current. New Koi hatch still bring egg yolk as supply of first especial food. During that they not yet required food from outside because its digestion not yet been formed [by] perfection. Two or three-day later;then, they have started to swim. In this time the up for providing food to seed. This seed have to be carried over [by] magnification pool which containing many natural food. Treatment of Seed.
Seed which have swum free have to be carried over [by] magnification pool. this Magnification pool have to be drawn up, [so that/ to be] growed [by] natural pakan, one week before pemijahan. As for its preparation stages;steps as follows. Pool dried [by] during two-day below/under sunlight and sprayed with pesticide [so that/ to be] animal which [do] not desire [by] death. pesticide weared [by] Dipherex or of Nogos with dose 0,5-1,0 ppm. Later;Then to provide natural food in the form of lilliputian animal, pool fertilized with chicken dirt and hay. hay overlaped with stone and put down [by] [in] pool sudutsudut. Dirt chicken volume 1,5 singk / m2.
Door inclusion of water to pool have to give [by] filter. In a few day, hit [by] water [is] hay will turn colour to become to squeeze chocolate. But, few days later;then will be clear return. If [gift/ giving] of chicken dirt and precise hay, in a few day later;then will grow and infusoria of fitoplankton. At the moment seeds of koi have [in] including after more or less ten day, daphnia will grow.
Otherwise can grow natural food, perforced to give seed food of koi with food made in like stewed egg yolk, prawn flour, milk powder for the calf of, and special flour food for koi. To take care of water [do] not decay by rest of food made in, [in] pool [entered/included] [by] new water [so that/ to be] rest of food drift. Select Seed. Activity most difficult from network activity of breeder [is] selection of seed. Selection [done/conducted] [by] when seed old age 1 till 3 months, and seed dissociated according to size measure grow and its type. There are some tail of koi which generally grow big too, while some of again very tardy.
This selection also assist koi which [is] its tardy growth can grow normal return. During 1-3 selection months [done/conducted] [by] counted 3 or 4 times. First selection, [done/conducted] [by] [about/around] 2 week after hatching to Showa, 50 day after hatching for Ogan, 60 day for Kohaku and Taisho-Sanke. Seed which is [is] defect to be marked ruddled is, white, or just black. Usually from amount of seed hatching, good only 10-20%. [done/conducted] [both/ second] Selection to determine colour pattern and quality as a whole.
After finishing selection, fewer best seed which still remain. Seed selection only can be [done/conducted] truly by they which have close to koi. Eyesight which is [is] keen to be needed to to get good seeds [is] its quality. In general seeds of koi which get away selection have the following marking - Body and [his/its] normal fin, [do] not handicap - its Body colour have looked is uppermost, as according to its its[his] - White colour, red, black or turn yellow to look clear [do] not be mixed with other colour. source : Heru Susanto , 'KOI"
BREEDING of KOI
BREEDING of KOI
Things which must be paid attention when will breed koi [is] the availibility of pool, supply of mains of koi, ready [of] seed food, and treatment of tight selection. Pool Breeder. Pool Breeder not possible (to) become one with garden pool. Pool Breeder have to have inclusion door and door expenditure of separate water.
Besides, entire/all pool have to be plastered and can be dried finely. Wide [of] Breeder pool vary. For narrow;tight pool can use pool for the width of 3-6 m2 with deepness 0,5 m. Pool location enough get sunshine, [do] not too roaring, [is] covert from children reach and other concubine animal. If possible, providing also pool hatch of egg, and place treatment of seed. Hatch pool, its for can be square [of] length or is circular. If circular pool, its diameter [among/between] 1,5-2 m.
One pool if there [is], that is pool to grow natural food which weared for the supply of seed food if its egg yolk have [used up/finished]. Deepness of pool [about/around] 30 cm. Wide [of] [of] pool [among/between] 6-10 m2, adequate enough. To owning money enough, pool wall can be endued [by] vinyl, that is ordinary materials to make basin of fiberglass. With vinyl coat, the pools more well guaranted its hygiene and effect of cement can be eliminated. Select Mains. Especial Condition [of] mains [is] mains candidate have matured genitals and mature body. Matured [of] its meaning genitals [of] masculine mains have yielded female mains and sperma have yielded matured egg.
Mature its meaning body, physically they have ready to become productive mainss. Other condition [of] its prima physical, [do] not handicap. Its complete fins, also its its[his]. Its movement [of] classyness, well-balanced, [do] not weaken. Minimum age 2 year [at] male, clan 3 year [at] is female. compared to bigger Female [of] male, its stomach seen compared to bigger [of] back.
masculine on the contrary, more slender and its stomach flatten if seen from back. masculine Chest mains fin ready to marry will emerge white fleck. A female mains relate to 2 or 3 masculine mains. If a female only given a male [in] breeder pool and at haphazard its male [of] ngadat, fail breeder. By providing masculine stok more than one, failure of breeder can avoid. To be suggested not to to use nicest mains stok, because its bad clan usually. Children not yet of course as good as its mains. Which [is] breeding better run of the mill koi, but still have the nature of exeeding, like its condensed colour. At the (time) of seed selection, later can be selected is which [is] which are good and is which [is] which are is bad. Preparation of Pool. First time which must be drawn up for breeder [is] pool. Pool dried [by] below/under sunlight. Inclusion door attached [by] filter to shuting-out fish [him/ it] a thousand or other water pest. [At] dismissal door attached [by] filter to prevent egg which possible drift. egg of Koi patch ( adesip) in character.
Usually koi will lay eggs below/under materials or crop any kind of which can wear to paste up its egg. Therefore provide place paste up adequate egg egg of to koi can safe. place patch egg can use kakaban ( place patch made egg [him/it] of fibre of palmtree materials , weared for the breeding of goldfish. Kakaban made of [by] nipped fibre of palmtree with bamboo blade and nailed [by] me. good Kakaban [is] made from long fibre of palmtree and flatten, size measure of kakaban 40 wide cm and 120 long cm. amount of needed to be kakaban to be adapted for is big [of] female mains, usually 4-6 to each;every 1 female mains singk. [So that/ to be] can float, kakaban compiled [by] above bamboo rasher which still is intact. Above kakaban given [by] blade of bamboo and bound corps of to kakaban [do] not tercerai-berai when prolific mains couple. Before attached, kakaban cleaned, to be cleaned, and rinsed [so that/ to be] freing from mud.
Kakaban attached [by] after pool filled [by] water. Water always empty into breeder pool to stimulate couple of koi to be prolific. Besides kakaban, place patch egg can also use crop irrigate like compiled Hydrilla or string cutting in the place of fibre of palmtree. Execution of Breeder. Mains [entered/included] [by] [about/around] at 16.00 and will start midnight prolific. Female mains will swim to encircle pool followed [by] masculine mains rear. More and more their movement llama more and more to exclaim. Masculine mains paste up its body when following female mains.
At its height, female mains will [release] its egg once in a while hop into the air. this Female Aktifitas [is] immediately followed [by] male by [releasing] dilution of sperma. hit [by] eggs [is] sperma will patch [at] materials or kakaban paste up hard and other egg release. Also there are some egg which fall to pool base. Marriage finish [at] morning. Mains [is] immediately disjointed with its egg. If losing time, egg can be eaten [used up/finished] by its mains. There [is] two way of to dissociate mains of yielded egg. First, by removing mains of breeder pool and remain to let egg hatch [in] pool. Way of [both/ second] by removing egg to hatch pool. Way of first more practical because more economical farm ( pool). To prevent in order not to be attacked mushroom, eggs soaked first in condensation of Malachytgreen with dose 1 / 300.000 during 15 minute before put [in] hatch pool.
When will soak this eggs, better kakaban shaken down [at] water [so that/ to be] dirt which possible close over egg can release. hatch of Egg. [So that/ to be] hatching better, egg have to always sink and water temperature remain to be constant. If temperature too is cool, hatch will take place llama. If temperature too high, egg can die and decay. [So that/ to be] egg can terendam all, network of kakaban have to " be engulfed" into pool. For that can wear banana tree bar service. Crosscut three banana bar as long as 40 cm, last put down above kakaban with two joint bamboo as its pallet. [So that/ to be] can stabilize, banana bar smoothed down one of [the] its side. In tempo 2-3 egg day of koi have started to hatch. After hatching kakaban lifted and carried over [by] other place. Later kakaban can wear again in other opportunity. seed of Koi old age one week still is soft.
Generally people incubate egg of koi in hapa that is sack;bag which [is] have ordinary soft eye [to] to accomodate seed. [In] net, seed of koi collected easier and [do] not drift brought current. New Koi hatch still bring egg yolk as supply of first especial food. During that they not yet required food from outside because its digestion not yet been formed [by] perfection. Two or three-day later;then, they have started to swim. In this time the up for providing food to seed. This seed have to be carried over [by] magnification pool which containing many natural food. Treatment of Seed.
Seed which have swum free have to be carried over [by] magnification pool. this Magnification pool have to be drawn up, [so that/ to be] growed [by] natural pakan, one week before pemijahan. As for its preparation stages;steps as follows. Pool dried [by] during two-day below/under sunlight and sprayed with pesticide [so that/ to be] animal which [do] not desire [by] death. pesticide weared [by] Dipherex or of Nogos with dose 0,5-1,0 ppm. Later;Then to provide natural food in the form of lilliputian animal, pool fertilized with chicken dirt and hay. hay overlaped with stone and put down [by] [in] pool sudutsudut. Dirt chicken volume 1,5 singk / m2.
Door inclusion of water to pool have to give [by] filter. In a few day, hit [by] water [is] hay will turn colour to become to squeeze chocolate. But, few days later;then will be clear return. If [gift/ giving] of chicken dirt and precise hay, in a few day later;then will grow and infusoria of fitoplankton. At the moment seeds of koi have [in] including after more or less ten day, daphnia will grow.
Otherwise can grow natural food, perforced to give seed food of koi with food made in like stewed egg yolk, prawn flour, milk powder for the calf of, and special flour food for koi. To take care of water [do] not decay by rest of food made in, [in] pool [entered/included] [by] new water [so that/ to be] rest of food drift. Select Seed. Activity most difficult from network activity of breeder [is] selection of seed. Selection [done/conducted] [by] when seed old age 1 till 3 months, and seed dissociated according to size measure grow and its type. There are some tail of koi which generally grow big too, while some of again very tardy.
This selection also assist koi which [is] its tardy growth can grow normal return. During 1-3 selection months [done/conducted] [by] counted 3 or 4 times. First selection, [done/conducted] [by] [about/around] 2 week after hatching to Showa, 50 day after hatching for Ogan, 60 day for Kohaku and Taisho-Sanke. Seed which is [is] defect to be marked ruddled is, white, or just black. Usually from amount of seed hatching, good only 10-20%. [done/conducted] [both/ second] Selection to determine colour pattern and quality as a whole.
After finishing selection, fewer best seed which still remain. Seed selection only can be [done/conducted] truly by they which have close to koi. Eyesight which is [is] keen to be needed to to get good seeds [is] its quality. In general seeds of koi which get away selection have the following marking - Body and [his/its] normal fin, [do] not handicap - its Body colour have looked is uppermost, as according to its its[his] - White colour, red, black or turn yellow to look clear [do] not be mixed with other colour. source : Heru Susanto , 'KOI"
Things which must be paid attention when will breed koi [is] the availibility of pool, supply of mains of koi, ready [of] seed food, and treatment of tight selection. Pool Breeder. Pool Breeder not possible (to) become one with garden pool. Pool Breeder have to have inclusion door and door expenditure of separate water.
Besides, entire/all pool have to be plastered and can be dried finely. Wide [of] Breeder pool vary. For narrow;tight pool can use pool for the width of 3-6 m2 with deepness 0,5 m. Pool location enough get sunshine, [do] not too roaring, [is] covert from children reach and other concubine animal. If possible, providing also pool hatch of egg, and place treatment of seed. Hatch pool, its for can be square [of] length or is circular. If circular pool, its diameter [among/between] 1,5-2 m.
One pool if there [is], that is pool to grow natural food which weared for the supply of seed food if its egg yolk have [used up/finished]. Deepness of pool [about/around] 30 cm. Wide [of] [of] pool [among/between] 6-10 m2, adequate enough. To owning money enough, pool wall can be endued [by] vinyl, that is ordinary materials to make basin of fiberglass. With vinyl coat, the pools more well guaranted its hygiene and effect of cement can be eliminated. Select Mains. Especial Condition [of] mains [is] mains candidate have matured genitals and mature body. Matured [of] its meaning genitals [of] masculine mains have yielded female mains and sperma have yielded matured egg.
Mature its meaning body, physically they have ready to become productive mainss. Other condition [of] its prima physical, [do] not handicap. Its complete fins, also its its[his]. Its movement [of] classyness, well-balanced, [do] not weaken. Minimum age 2 year [at] male, clan 3 year [at] is female. compared to bigger Female [of] male, its stomach seen compared to bigger [of] back.
masculine on the contrary, more slender and its stomach flatten if seen from back. masculine Chest mains fin ready to marry will emerge white fleck. A female mains relate to 2 or 3 masculine mains. If a female only given a male [in] breeder pool and at haphazard its male [of] ngadat, fail breeder. By providing masculine stok more than one, failure of breeder can avoid. To be suggested not to to use nicest mains stok, because its bad clan usually. Children not yet of course as good as its mains. Which [is] breeding better run of the mill koi, but still have the nature of exeeding, like its condensed colour. At the (time) of seed selection, later can be selected is which [is] which are good and is which [is] which are is bad. Preparation of Pool. First time which must be drawn up for breeder [is] pool. Pool dried [by] below/under sunlight. Inclusion door attached [by] filter to shuting-out fish [him/ it] a thousand or other water pest. [At] dismissal door attached [by] filter to prevent egg which possible drift. egg of Koi patch ( adesip) in character.
Usually koi will lay eggs below/under materials or crop any kind of which can wear to paste up its egg. Therefore provide place paste up adequate egg egg of to koi can safe. place patch egg can use kakaban ( place patch made egg [him/it] of fibre of palmtree materials , weared for the breeding of goldfish. Kakaban made of [by] nipped fibre of palmtree with bamboo blade and nailed [by] me. good Kakaban [is] made from long fibre of palmtree and flatten, size measure of kakaban 40 wide cm and 120 long cm. amount of needed to be kakaban to be adapted for is big [of] female mains, usually 4-6 to each;every 1 female mains singk. [So that/ to be] can float, kakaban compiled [by] above bamboo rasher which still is intact. Above kakaban given [by] blade of bamboo and bound corps of to kakaban [do] not tercerai-berai when prolific mains couple. Before attached, kakaban cleaned, to be cleaned, and rinsed [so that/ to be] freing from mud.
Kakaban attached [by] after pool filled [by] water. Water always empty into breeder pool to stimulate couple of koi to be prolific. Besides kakaban, place patch egg can also use crop irrigate like compiled Hydrilla or string cutting in the place of fibre of palmtree. Execution of Breeder. Mains [entered/included] [by] [about/around] at 16.00 and will start midnight prolific. Female mains will swim to encircle pool followed [by] masculine mains rear. More and more their movement llama more and more to exclaim. Masculine mains paste up its body when following female mains.
At its height, female mains will [release] its egg once in a while hop into the air. this Female Aktifitas [is] immediately followed [by] male by [releasing] dilution of sperma. hit [by] eggs [is] sperma will patch [at] materials or kakaban paste up hard and other egg release. Also there are some egg which fall to pool base. Marriage finish [at] morning. Mains [is] immediately disjointed with its egg. If losing time, egg can be eaten [used up/finished] by its mains. There [is] two way of to dissociate mains of yielded egg. First, by removing mains of breeder pool and remain to let egg hatch [in] pool. Way of [both/ second] by removing egg to hatch pool. Way of first more practical because more economical farm ( pool). To prevent in order not to be attacked mushroom, eggs soaked first in condensation of Malachytgreen with dose 1 / 300.000 during 15 minute before put [in] hatch pool.
When will soak this eggs, better kakaban shaken down [at] water [so that/ to be] dirt which possible close over egg can release. hatch of Egg. [So that/ to be] hatching better, egg have to always sink and water temperature remain to be constant. If temperature too is cool, hatch will take place llama. If temperature too high, egg can die and decay. [So that/ to be] egg can terendam all, network of kakaban have to " be engulfed" into pool. For that can wear banana tree bar service. Crosscut three banana bar as long as 40 cm, last put down above kakaban with two joint bamboo as its pallet. [So that/ to be] can stabilize, banana bar smoothed down one of [the] its side. In tempo 2-3 egg day of koi have started to hatch. After hatching kakaban lifted and carried over [by] other place. Later kakaban can wear again in other opportunity. seed of Koi old age one week still is soft.
Generally people incubate egg of koi in hapa that is sack;bag which [is] have ordinary soft eye [to] to accomodate seed. [In] net, seed of koi collected easier and [do] not drift brought current. New Koi hatch still bring egg yolk as supply of first especial food. During that they not yet required food from outside because its digestion not yet been formed [by] perfection. Two or three-day later;then, they have started to swim. In this time the up for providing food to seed. This seed have to be carried over [by] magnification pool which containing many natural food. Treatment of Seed.
Seed which have swum free have to be carried over [by] magnification pool. this Magnification pool have to be drawn up, [so that/ to be] growed [by] natural pakan, one week before pemijahan. As for its preparation stages;steps as follows. Pool dried [by] during two-day below/under sunlight and sprayed with pesticide [so that/ to be] animal which [do] not desire [by] death. pesticide weared [by] Dipherex or of Nogos with dose 0,5-1,0 ppm. Later;Then to provide natural food in the form of lilliputian animal, pool fertilized with chicken dirt and hay. hay overlaped with stone and put down [by] [in] pool sudutsudut. Dirt chicken volume 1,5 singk / m2.
Door inclusion of water to pool have to give [by] filter. In a few day, hit [by] water [is] hay will turn colour to become to squeeze chocolate. But, few days later;then will be clear return. If [gift/ giving] of chicken dirt and precise hay, in a few day later;then will grow and infusoria of fitoplankton. At the moment seeds of koi have [in] including after more or less ten day, daphnia will grow.
Otherwise can grow natural food, perforced to give seed food of koi with food made in like stewed egg yolk, prawn flour, milk powder for the calf of, and special flour food for koi. To take care of water [do] not decay by rest of food made in, [in] pool [entered/included] [by] new water [so that/ to be] rest of food drift. Select Seed. Activity most difficult from network activity of breeder [is] selection of seed. Selection [done/conducted] [by] when seed old age 1 till 3 months, and seed dissociated according to size measure grow and its type. There are some tail of koi which generally grow big too, while some of again very tardy.
This selection also assist koi which [is] its tardy growth can grow normal return. During 1-3 selection months [done/conducted] [by] counted 3 or 4 times. First selection, [done/conducted] [by] [about/around] 2 week after hatching to Showa, 50 day after hatching for Ogan, 60 day for Kohaku and Taisho-Sanke. Seed which is [is] defect to be marked ruddled is, white, or just black. Usually from amount of seed hatching, good only 10-20%. [done/conducted] [both/ second] Selection to determine colour pattern and quality as a whole.
After finishing selection, fewer best seed which still remain. Seed selection only can be [done/conducted] truly by they which have close to koi. Eyesight which is [is] keen to be needed to to get good seeds [is] its quality. In general seeds of koi which get away selection have the following marking - Body and [his/its] normal fin, [do] not handicap - its Body colour have looked is uppermost, as according to its its[his] - White colour, red, black or turn yellow to look clear [do] not be mixed with other colour. source : Heru Susanto , 'KOI"
lchthyophthiriasis diseases at fish (penyakit parasit)
lchthyophthiriasis.
Its cause [is] lchthyophthirius multifiliis. This disease [is] often referred [as] with disease of white blot as according to symptom of klinis generated [it]. Fish infection type able to by this disease [is] most of all bream type. including decorative fish.
Fish size measure which many infection [is] seed fish or if [at] adult size measure goldfish even also will be able to infection. Its symptom [of] easy him perceived that is with existence of white fleck [at] part of body which [is] infection. fish which [is] infection rub its body [at] base / wall of[is place of conducting.
Fish seen to gasp for breath especially if the parasite [is] gill infection. In the situation that way usually death of fish will be high, because natural fish [of] trouble absorbtion of oxygen effect [of] its infection [of] fish gill. Prevention of this disease that is for example Usage of water which [is] its quality [of] used Equipments balk shall didesinfeksi beforehand. Maintaining temperature irrigate [at] level 28°C.
Medication of fish which [is] infection can be [done/conducted] by: soaking fish which [is] infection with mixture of formalin 25 ppm during 24 [hour/clock]. Moving fish to water with temperature 28°C will assist to moult the parasite.
Its cause [is] lchthyophthirius multifiliis. This disease [is] often referred [as] with disease of white blot as according to symptom of klinis generated [it]. Fish infection type able to by this disease [is] most of all bream type. including decorative fish.
Fish size measure which many infection [is] seed fish or if [at] adult size measure goldfish even also will be able to infection. Its symptom [of] easy him perceived that is with existence of white fleck [at] part of body which [is] infection. fish which [is] infection rub its body [at] base / wall of[is place of conducting.
Fish seen to gasp for breath especially if the parasite [is] gill infection. In the situation that way usually death of fish will be high, because natural fish [of] trouble absorbtion of oxygen effect [of] its infection [of] fish gill. Prevention of this disease that is for example Usage of water which [is] its quality [of] used Equipments balk shall didesinfeksi beforehand. Maintaining temperature irrigate [at] level 28°C.
Medication of fish which [is] infection can be [done/conducted] by: soaking fish which [is] infection with mixture of formalin 25 ppm during 24 [hour/clock]. Moving fish to water with temperature 28°C will assist to moult the parasite.
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