Maintenance of fish larvae Gurame
the maintenance activities of carp larvae things to note are:
- Container maintenance
- Water quality
- Feed
- Maintenance / handling
Container Maintenance
carp larvae of container from the egg is usually placed in the aquarium, but the hatching eggs can also be done in the bucket.
for the aquarium with a size of 80 x 40 x 40 cm the number of eggs that can accommodate about 2,000 eggs.
water level for maintenance of the eggs in the aquarium 15 cm, the container should also be installed aerator maintenance, heater.
functioning aerator to supply oxygen to the aquarium water. This aerator works to increase the oxygen content. oxygen needed by fish to help increase fish growth. fish metabolic processes require oxygen in the growth stage, when the oxygen content in the aquarium is less it will affect the lives of fish so that fish growth is less than optimal.
Heater / water heater
Different types of heater there is a 50 watt, 75 watt and 100 watt but all the same, namely to increase the temperature of the water and maintain water temperature maintenance in the media so that a stable water temperature does not fluctuate especially high at the turn of the weather, night and day into night into day.
very influential on the water heater is the temperature, where the water temperature helps increase appetite in fish, their appetite will grow in conditions of optimal water temperature (warm) because when the optimal temperature will help in deciphering the metabolic processes of fish food into energy and for fish growth. fish weight and length will increase when there are nutrients that are acquired, the main nutrients for the needs of the fish is in addition to other nutrients such as protein karbrohidrat, fatty optimal temperature for larval rearing is 20-29 degrees Celsius.
Feed
Within a period of 3-4 days the eggs will hatch, the larvae of carp fed directly yet because they still contain egg yolk. the yolk will be exhausted within a period of approximately 6 days. after the yolk out of fish larvae were fed a silk worm or daphnia
larval rearing
water in the aquarium was replaced every 3-4 days once the turn is done by menyipon water (drain using a hose) using a water hose. aquarium water changes must be done carefully so that fish do not go with the hose. usually when the fish sucked the hose, it will cause the fish seed damage or stress. When using a water heater / heater in penyiponan should carefully make sure the heater has been turned off by unplugging the power cord when the heater forget to repealed it when replaced with a new water heater in the aquarium will break.
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Minggu, 15 April 2012
Rabu, 03 Maret 2010
Breeding Gouramis
Breeding Gouramis
by: William Berg
Gouramis are a quite popular chocies among fish hobbyists. For novice fish breeders, breeding gouramis can be an appealing challenge. Getting them to spawn and raising the fry can be a rewarding experience.
Gouramis are labyrinth fishes. They have labyrinth, which is an air-filled breathing hole, located under the gill covers. This kind of fish can often be seen going to the surface of the water to take in fresh air, making them survive waters with low oxygen levels. There are many different types of gouramis, which all originally came from South and Southeast Asia. Most species are easy to breed, however a few species like Helostoma temmincki (the Kissing Gourami), Osphromenus goramy (the Giant Gourami), Sphaerichthys osphromenoides (the Chocolate Gourami) are rather difficult. Some of the favmost popular species include the Pearl Gourami (Trichogaster leeri), the Dwarf Gourami (Colisa lalia) and the Honey Gourami (Colisa sota). And these are the species I am going to say a few words about breeding.
The pearl gourami is one of the most beautiful of all the gouramis. The body and fins have lovely mosaic pearls that shine in the lights. The length for female can reach 10cm, 12cm for male. These gouramis love shallow, warm (around 27 C), and slowly flowing waters. They are very calm fish and easy to keep. They eat just about anything; however green flakes and Grindal worms are preferable. The breeding aquarium should be 80 cm in length or larger, with some suspended and anchored plants. The aquarium should be filled with about 15-20cm of water with no air or filtration, temperature 29C. Up to 2000 eggs can be laid in one spawning. When the fry become free swimming the male should be removed from the aquarium. The female should be removed right after spawning.
The dwarf gourami has diagonal turquoise blue stripes on their reddish orange body. The males are larger and more colorful than the females. The male becomes very brightly colored at spawning time. Their nature and needs of treatment are similar to those of the pearl gouramis, they will eat anything they are being feed, however they prefer live foods and prepared mixtures. Best spawned in a separate aquarium especially setup for this purpose. Place a well-conditioned pair into a 40-liter or 60-liter, thickly planted aquarium with a lot of floating plants. The spawn can consist of 300 to 700 eggs. After spawning is completed, the female should be removed. The male will tend the spawn until the fry become free swimming, and then he should be removed too.
The males of honey gourami have beautiful bright orange-yellow color. The females are plain, have slightly shaded brownish orange body with a silvery fluorescent glow. They prefer aquariums with some thickly planted areas and with some open swimming areas. They usually eat anything you provide them with. These fish are moderately easy to breed, though a little more difficult than the dwarf gourami. For a pair, prepare a 40-liter aquarium without air stone or filter. The male will build a large bubble nest. The eggs will when laid float up into the bubble nest, where the male will guard over them until they hatch and the fry becomes free swimming, which is when he should be removed. The female should be removed right after spawning.
About The Author
William Berg is an experienced aquarist and writes for http://www.aquaticcommunity.com and have articles featured on alot of other aquarium sites such as http://www.clownloach.info
by: William Berg
Gouramis are a quite popular chocies among fish hobbyists. For novice fish breeders, breeding gouramis can be an appealing challenge. Getting them to spawn and raising the fry can be a rewarding experience.
Gouramis are labyrinth fishes. They have labyrinth, which is an air-filled breathing hole, located under the gill covers. This kind of fish can often be seen going to the surface of the water to take in fresh air, making them survive waters with low oxygen levels. There are many different types of gouramis, which all originally came from South and Southeast Asia. Most species are easy to breed, however a few species like Helostoma temmincki (the Kissing Gourami), Osphromenus goramy (the Giant Gourami), Sphaerichthys osphromenoides (the Chocolate Gourami) are rather difficult. Some of the favmost popular species include the Pearl Gourami (Trichogaster leeri), the Dwarf Gourami (Colisa lalia) and the Honey Gourami (Colisa sota). And these are the species I am going to say a few words about breeding.
The pearl gourami is one of the most beautiful of all the gouramis. The body and fins have lovely mosaic pearls that shine in the lights. The length for female can reach 10cm, 12cm for male. These gouramis love shallow, warm (around 27 C), and slowly flowing waters. They are very calm fish and easy to keep. They eat just about anything; however green flakes and Grindal worms are preferable. The breeding aquarium should be 80 cm in length or larger, with some suspended and anchored plants. The aquarium should be filled with about 15-20cm of water with no air or filtration, temperature 29C. Up to 2000 eggs can be laid in one spawning. When the fry become free swimming the male should be removed from the aquarium. The female should be removed right after spawning.
The dwarf gourami has diagonal turquoise blue stripes on their reddish orange body. The males are larger and more colorful than the females. The male becomes very brightly colored at spawning time. Their nature and needs of treatment are similar to those of the pearl gouramis, they will eat anything they are being feed, however they prefer live foods and prepared mixtures. Best spawned in a separate aquarium especially setup for this purpose. Place a well-conditioned pair into a 40-liter or 60-liter, thickly planted aquarium with a lot of floating plants. The spawn can consist of 300 to 700 eggs. After spawning is completed, the female should be removed. The male will tend the spawn until the fry become free swimming, and then he should be removed too.
The males of honey gourami have beautiful bright orange-yellow color. The females are plain, have slightly shaded brownish orange body with a silvery fluorescent glow. They prefer aquariums with some thickly planted areas and with some open swimming areas. They usually eat anything you provide them with. These fish are moderately easy to breed, though a little more difficult than the dwarf gourami. For a pair, prepare a 40-liter aquarium without air stone or filter. The male will build a large bubble nest. The eggs will when laid float up into the bubble nest, where the male will guard over them until they hatch and the fry becomes free swimming, which is when he should be removed. The female should be removed right after spawning.
About The Author
William Berg is an experienced aquarist and writes for http://www.aquaticcommunity.com and have articles featured on alot of other aquarium sites such as http://www.clownloach.info
Selasa, 02 Maret 2010
catfish farming
catfish farming
Pool catfish spawning is made of walls. Catfish can live in water conditions that are less good, although the water is stagnant / not running this catfish can live long enough given the feed. Catfish can live on less oxygen conditions because the fish have additional respirator maze, which can take oxygen directly into the pool water surface.
Thus catfish is one type of fish is easily cultivated in both rural and urban environments. For those who do not have the vast land to preserve the fish, the catfish to maintain an appropriate choice to be his pet fish in yard, in an effort to improve society and increase giji family income.
Sabtu, 27 Februari 2010
key to success in fish culture
key to success in fish culture
when we talk about the fish will not be separated from food, eating is a necessity of human routine. Fish is one of the provider of nutrition for humans because of the fish contains many useful proteins for the human body.
with the population growth increased the demand for fish is increasing.
To provide for those needs we will not only give priority to the production of fish from catch it, because if kept mengandalan production of the catch to potential overfishing especially when fishing out of hand. to satisfy the needs of the fish we need to increase the cultivation of fish, good fish cultivation in ponds, paddy fields, ponds, and others.
in cultivation did not always run smoothly and often encounter obstacles. therefore below we will mention some of the key to success in fish farming. is as follows:
1. selection of appropriate farming locations
adequate water sources and available throughout the year, the slope of the best pool area so as to facilitate the entry process and disposal of pool water.
2. location far from sources of pollution or waste
if the source of the contaminated pond water will result in decreased water quality, so the fish grow less well.
3. access to the pool location is easy.
Pool area is easy to visit, it is concerned at the ease in fish marketing.
4. fish culture techniques to master
need to know how to fish culture, fish preservation techniques concerns, technical pest fish diseases, water quality engineering, construction techniques.
5. employee management
employee management arrangements need to master, it relates to professional employees.
6. market access
market not far from the location of cultivation, consider the needs of the surrounding community.
when we talk about the fish will not be separated from food, eating is a necessity of human routine. Fish is one of the provider of nutrition for humans because of the fish contains many useful proteins for the human body.
with the population growth increased the demand for fish is increasing.
To provide for those needs we will not only give priority to the production of fish from catch it, because if kept mengandalan production of the catch to potential overfishing especially when fishing out of hand. to satisfy the needs of the fish we need to increase the cultivation of fish, good fish cultivation in ponds, paddy fields, ponds, and others.
in cultivation did not always run smoothly and often encounter obstacles. therefore below we will mention some of the key to success in fish farming. is as follows:
1. selection of appropriate farming locations
adequate water sources and available throughout the year, the slope of the best pool area so as to facilitate the entry process and disposal of pool water.
2. location far from sources of pollution or waste
if the source of the contaminated pond water will result in decreased water quality, so the fish grow less well.
3. access to the pool location is easy.
Pool area is easy to visit, it is concerned at the ease in fish marketing.
4. fish culture techniques to master
need to know how to fish culture, fish preservation techniques concerns, technical pest fish diseases, water quality engineering, construction techniques.
5. employee management
employee management arrangements need to master, it relates to professional employees.
6. market access
market not far from the location of cultivation, consider the needs of the surrounding community.
Jumat, 12 Februari 2010
agricultural salt
agricultural salt
salt farm has several uses, the use of salt is generally used in agricultural business sector.
function of the particular salt on fish culture is to prevent and deal with pest and disease.
function of salt in the fish processing business is to keep the freshness of fish meat that is not easily rot.
salt can be obtained at stores that sell agricultural products.
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Selasa, 09 Februari 2010
where the cultivation of eels in the drum
where the cultivation of eels in the drumfish culture is now no longer be cultivated on a large place, but now many other alternatives that can be done in order to maintain the fish in a relatively small place. cultivation of fish in a small area can be done at a place and a particular fish species, maintenance of media that can be used to preserve fish in the narrow land that is able to use a plastic drum, for the type of fish usually use fish that are relatively resistant to low water conditions / bit and fish species are resistant to low oxygen conditions, why do so because the maintenance of media stored on a narrow land generally located at a location which is usually populated minimal water resources.
species of fish that can be cultivated on a small area of one eel, eels can be kept in the tub and the drum that the media has been adjusted to maintain natural habitat in nature.
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Sabtu, 23 Januari 2010
tilapia fish seed count results from the spawning pond
tilapia fish seed count results from the spawning pondcounting seeds activity in tilapia fish do in order to see how many seeds produced tilapia fish from spawning ponds.
tool used to calculate this tilapia fish that is a spoon, a bucket, skopnet, hapa. how to calculate this tilapia fish seed is calculated using the spoon, spoon one count each of 5 (five) - 10 fish seed does not count one-one. hapa as a medium counting should be divided in two parts with a partition using wood or bamboo. The first screen is a place to store the results of the count and the second screen is as a place to store the fish to be counted.
after the seed is calculated and then the seeds can be planted in the ponds or the maintenance of the seeds can also be sold to people who need them. This seed should be calculated according to his needs, that is when the seedlings will be planted back then we had to calculate the density of seeds according to seed the pond area of maintenance. When the seedlings will be sold then the seeds are usually calculated activity is done at the time of consumers buying fish, because we do not know how many seeds are needed by consumers. But if consumers previously had ordered any seeds so the seeds should be ready and available from the count.
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Rabu, 13 Januari 2010
fish species suitable for cultivation in the garden house
fish species suitable for cultivation in the garden house
fish cultivation in the courtyard of the house is keeping the fish in the area that are not so large that its location adjacent to the residence. media to maintain a fish pond in the courtyard of the house is usually made from the wall, nor can also use drums, tarps and carpet.
fish species suitable for yard upkeep in cultivated using a fish species resistant or tolerance to water quality, such as catfish, tilapia, mujair, eels. selected fish because fish cultivation media in the courtyard houses are relatively narrow, so that the water quality such as oxygen would not be perfectly good tersuplai by diffusion as well as input from the incoming water. these fish are relatively resistant to pool water conditions with low oxygen levels because these fish have an additional respirator is like Catfish. if for tilapia fish or mujair, this fish has a great tolerance for poor water quality but if we want to raise this fish or memijah the water quality requirements also need to be met.
eels can live to grow and develop in a narrow area, even if kept in the drum, as long as the media to maintain these eels be satisfied in accordance with the conditions of life in nature.
so in keeping the fish in the courtyard house is an alternative choice of how to farm fish on the grounds that the area of cultivation to be gone. and cultivation in the garden of this house fits developed in the city of cultivation is relatively narrow. benefits of fish culture in the courtyard of this house is but we can get revenue from the farming we can also help the needs of domestic fish consumption.
http://hobiikan.blogspot.com/
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fish cultivation in the courtyard of the house is keeping the fish in the area that are not so large that its location adjacent to the residence. media to maintain a fish pond in the courtyard of the house is usually made from the wall, nor can also use drums, tarps and carpet.
fish species suitable for yard upkeep in cultivated using a fish species resistant or tolerance to water quality, such as catfish, tilapia, mujair, eels. selected fish because fish cultivation media in the courtyard houses are relatively narrow, so that the water quality such as oxygen would not be perfectly good tersuplai by diffusion as well as input from the incoming water. these fish are relatively resistant to pool water conditions with low oxygen levels because these fish have an additional respirator is like Catfish. if for tilapia fish or mujair, this fish has a great tolerance for poor water quality but if we want to raise this fish or memijah the water quality requirements also need to be met.
eels can live to grow and develop in a narrow area, even if kept in the drum, as long as the media to maintain these eels be satisfied in accordance with the conditions of life in nature.
so in keeping the fish in the courtyard house is an alternative choice of how to farm fish on the grounds that the area of cultivation to be gone. and cultivation in the garden of this house fits developed in the city of cultivation is relatively narrow. benefits of fish culture in the courtyard of this house is but we can get revenue from the farming we can also help the needs of domestic fish consumption.
http://hobiikan.blogspot.com/
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influence of water temperature on fish growth
influence of water temperature on fish growth
temperature affect the survival of fish, ranging from eggs, seeds reached adult size. water temperature will affect the process of hatching eggs and egg development.
water temperature is too low (cold) penetesan process resulted in the fish eggs will be slow, to maintain the optimum temperature so that the seeding of the intensive cultivation often use water heaters (heater) is commonly used in the aquarium or the like fiber. water temperature required for hatching the eggs of fish ranged between
25 to 30 degrees Celsius.
the natural rise and fall of water temperature is very influential on fish survival. changes in water temperature that is too extreme will adversely berdapat preserved fish.
consequently the fish become stressed, and when the fish are stressed then the fish will be susceptible to disease.
temperature will affect the growth rate of fish when the temperature is too low then the growth of fish kept will be slow growing, because if the temperature is low, fish metabolism will be slow and the fish will decrease appetite. temperature must be exactly the optimum range of 25 to 30 degrees Celsius
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temperature affect the survival of fish, ranging from eggs, seeds reached adult size. water temperature will affect the process of hatching eggs and egg development.
water temperature is too low (cold) penetesan process resulted in the fish eggs will be slow, to maintain the optimum temperature so that the seeding of the intensive cultivation often use water heaters (heater) is commonly used in the aquarium or the like fiber. water temperature required for hatching the eggs of fish ranged between
25 to 30 degrees Celsius.
the natural rise and fall of water temperature is very influential on fish survival. changes in water temperature that is too extreme will adversely berdapat preserved fish.
consequently the fish become stressed, and when the fish are stressed then the fish will be susceptible to disease.
temperature will affect the growth rate of fish when the temperature is too low then the growth of fish kept will be slow growing, because if the temperature is low, fish metabolism will be slow and the fish will decrease appetite. temperature must be exactly the optimum range of 25 to 30 degrees Celsius
http://hobiikan.blogspot.com/
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Selasa, 12 Januari 2010
several ways to increase fish growth
several ways to increase fish growth
improve fish growth means increasing the income of farming. Growth of the relatively short fish will accelerate the process of harvesting, so that the velocity of money is going fast.
ways to improve fish growth:
1. Feed
proper feeding and adequate will affect the growth process. Fish will grow if given the optimum feed appropriate to their needs, a good feed is the feed that contains complete nutrition, which is enough protein, fat, carbohydrates, vitamins. Nutrients that play a role in helping the process of growth of fish protein, because the protein responsible for driving growth. so as to buy food then the first thing to note is the protein content in the feed.
feeding should be enough no more and no less. When the feed was given less then the growth of fish will be slow, but if the feed given to fish, then this excess is not good, because if the feed is excessive and not eaten by fish that feed it will be rotten on the bottom, so that will reduce pond water quality, so the fish will be susceptible to disease.
adequate feeding is in accordance with the needs of feed given per day ranged from 3 - 5% of the total weight of fish being kept.
2. Water Quality
good water quality will help the growth of fish. concerning water quality parameter, temperature, pH, oxygen, brightness, ammonia.
full of pool water quality is good for fish growth are:
1. temperature from 25 to 30 degrees Celsius
2. pH 6.5 to 8.5
3. Oxygen> 4 mg / l
4. Brightness from 25 to 30 cm
5. Ammoniak (NH3) <0.01 mg / l
3. Management and handling of fish will grow well if its management and handling well done. Good management is about the way feeding, control of water quality, pest and disease control, external control of environmental factors.
4. Descendants of good fish growth is the offspring of fish that has a good, clear stem, and seed selection of fish. So when will maintain the fish we have to know the origin of the fish
http://hobiikan.blogspot.com/
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improve fish growth means increasing the income of farming. Growth of the relatively short fish will accelerate the process of harvesting, so that the velocity of money is going fast.
ways to improve fish growth:
1. Feed
proper feeding and adequate will affect the growth process. Fish will grow if given the optimum feed appropriate to their needs, a good feed is the feed that contains complete nutrition, which is enough protein, fat, carbohydrates, vitamins. Nutrients that play a role in helping the process of growth of fish protein, because the protein responsible for driving growth. so as to buy food then the first thing to note is the protein content in the feed.
feeding should be enough no more and no less. When the feed was given less then the growth of fish will be slow, but if the feed given to fish, then this excess is not good, because if the feed is excessive and not eaten by fish that feed it will be rotten on the bottom, so that will reduce pond water quality, so the fish will be susceptible to disease.
adequate feeding is in accordance with the needs of feed given per day ranged from 3 - 5% of the total weight of fish being kept.
2. Water Quality
good water quality will help the growth of fish. concerning water quality parameter, temperature, pH, oxygen, brightness, ammonia.
full of pool water quality is good for fish growth are:
1. temperature from 25 to 30 degrees Celsius
2. pH 6.5 to 8.5
3. Oxygen> 4 mg / l
4. Brightness from 25 to 30 cm
5. Ammoniak (NH3) <0.01 mg / l
3. Management and handling of fish will grow well if its management and handling well done. Good management is about the way feeding, control of water quality, pest and disease control, external control of environmental factors.
4. Descendants of good fish growth is the offspring of fish that has a good, clear stem, and seed selection of fish. So when will maintain the fish we have to know the origin of the fish
http://hobiikan.blogspot.com/
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Jumat, 04 Desember 2009
Tilapia fish breeding
Tilapia fish breeding
By nature, tilapia breeding all year round in tropical waters in the area. The frequency of the largest spawning occurs in the rainy season. In its natural indigo can memijah 6-7 times a year. These fish reach the adult stage at the age of 4-5 months and weighs about 250 grams. Productive spawning period is when the parent 1.5-2 years old and weighs over 500 grams per fish. A female tilapia weighing about 800 grams of larvae produced each time the 1200-1500 breeding fish.
Before breeding, the male tilapia always make their nests in the form of spherical hollows in the bottom waters of the same diameter size. This nest is a territorial male tilapia that will be used as the location of spawning and fertilization of eggs. During the lust, the male indigo color will change to bright and very aggressive in nature maintain its territorial area.
Tilapia spawning process happened very quickly. Within 50-60 seconds tilapia breeding pair can produce 20-40 eggs that have been fertilized. Spawning will occur several times with the same partner or different for 20-60 minutes. Tilapia eggs 2.8 mm in diameter, gray or yellow sometimes, not sticky, and sink to the bottom waters. Eggs fertilized incubated in the mother's mouth and will hatch within 4-5 days. Eggs that have hatched called larvae, 4-5 mm long. Newly hatched larvae reared by the mother until the age of 11 days (size 8 mm). The seeds that are not cared for by its mother will swim in a huddle in the shallow waters or on the edge of the pond.
Source: Khairul Amri, S. Pi, M. Si and Khairuman, SPAgromedia Pustaka, 2008
By nature, tilapia breeding all year round in tropical waters in the area. The frequency of the largest spawning occurs in the rainy season. In its natural indigo can memijah 6-7 times a year. These fish reach the adult stage at the age of 4-5 months and weighs about 250 grams. Productive spawning period is when the parent 1.5-2 years old and weighs over 500 grams per fish. A female tilapia weighing about 800 grams of larvae produced each time the 1200-1500 breeding fish.
Before breeding, the male tilapia always make their nests in the form of spherical hollows in the bottom waters of the same diameter size. This nest is a territorial male tilapia that will be used as the location of spawning and fertilization of eggs. During the lust, the male indigo color will change to bright and very aggressive in nature maintain its territorial area.
Tilapia spawning process happened very quickly. Within 50-60 seconds tilapia breeding pair can produce 20-40 eggs that have been fertilized. Spawning will occur several times with the same partner or different for 20-60 minutes. Tilapia eggs 2.8 mm in diameter, gray or yellow sometimes, not sticky, and sink to the bottom waters. Eggs fertilized incubated in the mother's mouth and will hatch within 4-5 days. Eggs that have hatched called larvae, 4-5 mm long. Newly hatched larvae reared by the mother until the age of 11 days (size 8 mm). The seeds that are not cared for by its mother will swim in a huddle in the shallow waters or on the edge of the pond.
Source: Khairul Amri, S. Pi, M. Si and Khairuman, SPAgromedia Pustaka, 2008
Kamis, 05 Maret 2009
membrane electron Weapon exterminator Shrimp Virus
membrane electron Weapon exterminator Shrimp Virus
This tool is specifically designed to kill off the virus in shrimp
Shrimp pond land in the north coast of Java Island (Pantura) quality is very bad. In addition to pollution by industrial waste dump and the household, lands in the pond there is also decreased due to the quality of the cultivation of land use often without any improvement. Bath enforce yarn wet, efforts in the cultivation of land is nearly always encounter a failure. Instead of harvest, shrimp, not able to survive more than 20 days.
But for Endi MuchtarUdin, the story of the shrimp. Shrimp farmers from the river is clogged, Pedes District, Karawang regency, West Java this successful break that can not Pantura for shrimp cultivation. Harvested three times in succession, Endi menangguk fate of shrimp farming pond in the location of the previous mangkrak (idle / pond is broken and unused).
More terrible, which developed the type of shrimp old man is part windu (Penaeus monodon), the level of difficulty higher than the cultivation vaname species (Penaeus vannamei). The secret, said Endi, using weapons ME-1 (membrane electron 1)
to fight the virus. This tool is able to kill virus-the virus causes disease in shrimp. Various viruses during this frighten the farmers, such as shrimp White Spot Syndrome Virus (WSSV), Taura Syndrome Virus (TSV), infectious Hypodermal Hemathopoetic Necrosis Virus (IHHNV), Myonecrosis infectious virus (IMNV) and Virus Nervous Necrosis (VNN) will be ditaklukkan .
Shoot virus DNA
Membrane electron is an instrument of high speed electrons that is specifically designed to reduce the amount of virus in water. This tool consists of two parts. The first part is called electron generator (box driver generator electrons) generate a working high-speed electrons. Part two is a layer plating electrode kassa that placed in the pipe paralon. Its function is to create electron-rich zone in the water. Zone generated electrons will bond with the protein on the virus through. So that the water that flows through this zone will be free of the virus.
installed base in the provision of water pipes in the pond and work when the process of water. "The principle is the damage to DNA viruses in the water that will go to the pond," said Endi. How it works, the wall power maximum 75 watts (for 1 unit of ME-1) flowed to the electrode so that the shape kassa membrane electron. Water entering the pond will be managed through a membrane with maximum debit 25 liters of water per second. If there is a virus through, then the DNA to its will ditembak by electrons up to a series of virus damaged.
According Endi, 1 ME-1 unit diameter paralon 6 - 8 inch can be used for the pond area of 5 hectares. Cost of making one unit of ME-1 ranges from Rp 10 million. Hmmmmmm life to 8 hours. or two cycles. But it will be better if every turn of the cycle do not kassa a more cost Rp 500 ribu. This will make the work of ME-1 maximum.
Endi confess, does not alone make itself ME-1, but together with the Central Marine Fisheries Development Cultivation. And brackish water shrimp (BPBPLAPU) Karawang. This is in place. Endi ordinary search of the problem that faces in the cultivation of shrimp.
Sunendar Dede, Head BPBPLAPU states, electrons proven membrane technology capable of tackling the virus. "In place of the stock we have already detected a positive WSSV infected.'s Been with the provision membrane electron and then the water out of the stock to be virus-free," said Dede.
According to him, pond-pond in the area during this BPBPLAPU stated can not be planted more shrimp. However, with the ME-1, now pond-pond may be in the back with satisfactory results. BPBPLAPU using the ME-1 in two different places. In the land-intensive pond system vaname of 4.2 hectares, solid tebar reached 360 thousand, the harvest reached 3.2 tons. While the land area of 2.4 hectares, 75 thousand tebar compact,
system between poly vaname shrimp and seaweed (Gracilaria), 8.2 kuintal can harvest shrimp.
Endi and intend BPBPLAPU parties will continue to refine this ME-1. For example, said Endi, complete with the ME-1 speed, so the frequency of more optimal results.
Bacillus Buntus River
However, Balk Endi and Dede
remind, the success of shrimp farming and windu vaname in pond
mangkrak not only because of ME-1, but should also apply
probiotik system bakterinya taken from a local pond. Endi and BPBPLAPU has also successfully developed
probiotik bacteria that diisolasi's own tambaknya (TROBOS edition 103, April 2008). This bacteria will be able to destroy the excess (leftover)
organic pond so that the causes of quality pond.
In the meantime, the bacteria probiotik successful diisolasi from the pond they are a type of Thiobacillus and Bacillus subtillis. "His name Bacillus buntus river," said Endi joke Pests mention bacteria that diisolasi from tambaknya.
Head of Section Testing BPBPLAPU, Riswan Man says, use probiotik conducted continuously.
Pemberiannya after
1x24 minutes the culture
bacteria. For culture
Bacillus bacteria, BPBPLAPU
using the formula 1 liter
Bacillus, feed 1 kg, 1 kg sugar
and 100 liters of fresh water. Probiotik
Bacillus a role in this
absorbing matrix protein
feed. This means this will probiotik
contribute to the availability of
protein in the pond.
While for Thiobacillus, formula consisting of 1 liter Thiobacillus, nutrition 1 kg, 1 kg of sugar and 100 liters of fresh water. For the last type of a role in reducing the level H, S in the pond and for the bright color of water.
During the preparation of land (before the water filled) probiotik given more. For example BPBPLAPU the pond in the area of 1600 m2, probiotik a given reach 40 liters of culture (a mixture of formula). Meanwhile, when the shrimp have been pond, dose reduced to 15 - 20 liters for the same land.
Besides the use of probiotik, Section Head of Applications Technology Cultivation Bandeng BPBPLAPU, add adang Solihin, in the cultivation of shrimp pond mangkrakjuga will be a success by giving special treatment during drying area. Namely burning straw (or other material) on land to kill bacteria and viruses that have in the pond. This can also be used to increase the element carbon in the pond. BPBPLAPU parties in this case spent about 6 tons of straw for the pond area of 4.2 hectares. According adang, burning straw, especially applied to land that muddy pond.
source: Trobos 2008
This tool is specifically designed to kill off the virus in shrimp
Shrimp pond land in the north coast of Java Island (Pantura) quality is very bad. In addition to pollution by industrial waste dump and the household, lands in the pond there is also decreased due to the quality of the cultivation of land use often without any improvement. Bath enforce yarn wet, efforts in the cultivation of land is nearly always encounter a failure. Instead of harvest, shrimp, not able to survive more than 20 days.
But for Endi MuchtarUdin, the story of the shrimp. Shrimp farmers from the river is clogged, Pedes District, Karawang regency, West Java this successful break that can not Pantura for shrimp cultivation. Harvested three times in succession, Endi menangguk fate of shrimp farming pond in the location of the previous mangkrak (idle / pond is broken and unused).
More terrible, which developed the type of shrimp old man is part windu (Penaeus monodon), the level of difficulty higher than the cultivation vaname species (Penaeus vannamei). The secret, said Endi, using weapons ME-1 (membrane electron 1)
to fight the virus. This tool is able to kill virus-the virus causes disease in shrimp. Various viruses during this frighten the farmers, such as shrimp White Spot Syndrome Virus (WSSV), Taura Syndrome Virus (TSV), infectious Hypodermal Hemathopoetic Necrosis Virus (IHHNV), Myonecrosis infectious virus (IMNV) and Virus Nervous Necrosis (VNN) will be ditaklukkan .
Shoot virus DNA
Membrane electron is an instrument of high speed electrons that is specifically designed to reduce the amount of virus in water. This tool consists of two parts. The first part is called electron generator (box driver generator electrons) generate a working high-speed electrons. Part two is a layer plating electrode kassa that placed in the pipe paralon. Its function is to create electron-rich zone in the water. Zone generated electrons will bond with the protein on the virus through. So that the water that flows through this zone will be free of the virus.
installed base in the provision of water pipes in the pond and work when the process of water. "The principle is the damage to DNA viruses in the water that will go to the pond," said Endi. How it works, the wall power maximum 75 watts (for 1 unit of ME-1) flowed to the electrode so that the shape kassa membrane electron. Water entering the pond will be managed through a membrane with maximum debit 25 liters of water per second. If there is a virus through, then the DNA to its will ditembak by electrons up to a series of virus damaged.
According Endi, 1 ME-1 unit diameter paralon 6 - 8 inch can be used for the pond area of 5 hectares. Cost of making one unit of ME-1 ranges from Rp 10 million. Hmmmmmm life to 8 hours. or two cycles. But it will be better if every turn of the cycle do not kassa a more cost Rp 500 ribu. This will make the work of ME-1 maximum.
Endi confess, does not alone make itself ME-1, but together with the Central Marine Fisheries Development Cultivation. And brackish water shrimp (BPBPLAPU) Karawang. This is in place. Endi ordinary search of the problem that faces in the cultivation of shrimp.
Sunendar Dede, Head BPBPLAPU states, electrons proven membrane technology capable of tackling the virus. "In place of the stock we have already detected a positive WSSV infected.'s Been with the provision membrane electron and then the water out of the stock to be virus-free," said Dede.
According to him, pond-pond in the area during this BPBPLAPU stated can not be planted more shrimp. However, with the ME-1, now pond-pond may be in the back with satisfactory results. BPBPLAPU using the ME-1 in two different places. In the land-intensive pond system vaname of 4.2 hectares, solid tebar reached 360 thousand, the harvest reached 3.2 tons. While the land area of 2.4 hectares, 75 thousand tebar compact,
system between poly vaname shrimp and seaweed (Gracilaria), 8.2 kuintal can harvest shrimp.
Endi and intend BPBPLAPU parties will continue to refine this ME-1. For example, said Endi, complete with the ME-1 speed, so the frequency of more optimal results.
Bacillus Buntus River
However, Balk Endi and Dede
remind, the success of shrimp farming and windu vaname in pond
mangkrak not only because of ME-1, but should also apply
probiotik system bakterinya taken from a local pond. Endi and BPBPLAPU has also successfully developed
probiotik bacteria that diisolasi's own tambaknya (TROBOS edition 103, April 2008). This bacteria will be able to destroy the excess (leftover)
organic pond so that the causes of quality pond.
In the meantime, the bacteria probiotik successful diisolasi from the pond they are a type of Thiobacillus and Bacillus subtillis. "His name Bacillus buntus river," said Endi joke Pests mention bacteria that diisolasi from tambaknya.
Head of Section Testing BPBPLAPU, Riswan Man says, use probiotik conducted continuously.
Pemberiannya after
1x24 minutes the culture
bacteria. For culture
Bacillus bacteria, BPBPLAPU
using the formula 1 liter
Bacillus, feed 1 kg, 1 kg sugar
and 100 liters of fresh water. Probiotik
Bacillus a role in this
absorbing matrix protein
feed. This means this will probiotik
contribute to the availability of
protein in the pond.
While for Thiobacillus, formula consisting of 1 liter Thiobacillus, nutrition 1 kg, 1 kg of sugar and 100 liters of fresh water. For the last type of a role in reducing the level H, S in the pond and for the bright color of water.
During the preparation of land (before the water filled) probiotik given more. For example BPBPLAPU the pond in the area of 1600 m2, probiotik a given reach 40 liters of culture (a mixture of formula). Meanwhile, when the shrimp have been pond, dose reduced to 15 - 20 liters for the same land.
Besides the use of probiotik, Section Head of Applications Technology Cultivation Bandeng BPBPLAPU, add adang Solihin, in the cultivation of shrimp pond mangkrakjuga will be a success by giving special treatment during drying area. Namely burning straw (or other material) on land to kill bacteria and viruses that have in the pond. This can also be used to increase the element carbon in the pond. BPBPLAPU parties in this case spent about 6 tons of straw for the pond area of 4.2 hectares. According adang, burning straw, especially applied to land that muddy pond.
source: Trobos 2008
Selasa, 25 November 2008
DEVELOPMENT AND HATCHING TYPES EGGS OF SEA FISH
DEVELOPMENT AND HATCHING TYPES EGGS OF SEA FISH
Principles hatchery collects the eggs and then move them into the sedimentation tanks, hatchery and maintenance. Flyblow to be able to produce good quality fish that the incubation process must be done with caution.
A. Egg incubation
Egg incubation aims to create conditions so that progress with the development of the fetus so that the flyblow good quality. Eggs that have muzaphar floating nature of the results of spawning naturally or by artificial (striping) put in a fine net bag.
Net bag can be made from cloth, a fine or a plankton net with a diameter less than the net eye diameter of eggs. Place the bag of eggs can be used for this purpose.
Net bag is inserted into the vessel capacity-bak round 0.5 - 1 m3 of sea water filter (clean water). Sea water used is always flowing at a rate of 20 1/menit continue to occur so that the running water. Aeration is also not too strong given that the eggs can be spread evenly. Eggs that will die in the bottom sediment bag nets and disipon periodically. Usually the eggs results of artificial insemination has a high death rate.
Incubation eggs made for 1 - 2 hours before the eggs hatch and start this depends on the type of fish. When viewed in Microscopic, embryo development for each type of fish eggs this looks the same. The development of the embryo starts from a single cell, which then split into two cells, four cells, eight cells, and so on until the cells formed many agencies that eventually formed flyblow. Time required for the establishment of this body flyblow depending on the type of fish and water temperature. That has been fertilized eggs will be coated by a strong membrane. With the help of the microscope, it looks different when compared with egg
TABLE 2. Diameter OF EGGS AND OIL ON BUTIRAN OF EGGS, AND length of the incubation period longer hatch flyblow NEW FISH ON DIFFERENT TYPES
| Jenis Ikan | Diameter telur (mm) | Diameter Butir minyak pada telur (mm) | Masa Inkubasi (jam) | Panjang larva baru menetas (mm) |
| Kerapu macam Epinephelus Fuscoguttatus Kerapu lumpur Epinephelus suillus Kerapu Sunuk Plectropomus Maculatus Kakap Jenaha Lutjanus johni Kakap bakau Lutjanus Argentimaculatus Kakap putih Lates calcarifer Kakap mata kucing Psammoperca Waigiensis Beronang Siganus spp. | 0,89 0,90 0,80 0,80 0,79 0,78 – 0,81 0,70 – 0,80 0,54 – 0,55 | 0,10 - 0,18 0,16 0,15 0,23 0,18 banyak | 18 16 – 25 16 – 18 14,5 – 15,0 17,0 – 17,5 15 – 17 14 – 16 13 20 - 26 | 1,34 1,5 – 1,9 1,59 1,6 – 1,7 1,6 – 1,9 1,6 1,76 1,98 – 2,1 |
Figure 12. Development of eggs to a fish embryo mud
that is not fertilized. For fish eggs beronang that has attached the collector-egg collectors can be directly transferred to the vessel, the vessel as the incubation once the vessel maintenance flyblow.
Eggs have a new conception will form a cell and bring grain oil. Eggs and grouper fish will kakap bring a morsel of oil, while fish eggs beronang usually take more than a grain size of the oil is not uniform. The amount of oil droplets in the egg beronang this will be lost during the incubation process until the eggs hatch.
Flyblow the new hatch usually carry only one or two eggs in oil. The development of eggs and then start from one cell split into 2 and 4 cells, 16 cells, and so on until the stadium-formed fetus stadium. Development of eggs to hatch and formed embryo into flyblow will depend on the species and the incubation temperature of the water.
Figure 13. The development of egg to embryo to be kakap
Lutjanus argentimaculatus
Beronang fish eggs taken from the substrate take five grains of oil
source: Drs. Pramu Sunyoto
Dr. Mustahal, M. Sc
Sower Swadaya
Sabtu, 22 November 2008
teripang
Kandungan dan Manfaat Teripang
Hasil studi di China mengungkapkan bahwa sea cucumber mengandung saponin glycosides. Komponen ini mempunyai struktur yang serupa dengan komponen gingseng aktif, ganoderma, dan tumbuh-tumbuhan bahan tonik terkenal. Studi ini menunjukkan adanya kandungan anti kanker pada saponin dan polisakarida yang terkandung di dalam teripang. Selain itu, studi modern ini membuktikan bahwa teripang dapat digunakan sebagai suatu tonik dan suplemen gizi. Teripang bermanfaat untuk berbagai jenis penyakit yang berbahaya seperti stroke, asma, jantung koroner, hepatitis, tumor, dll.
Teripang bermanfaat sebagai obat dikarenakan kandungannya yang komplek. Menurut dr Pieter A. W Pattinama, dari RS PGI Cikini Jakarta, teripang dipakai untuk menyembuhkan berbagai penyakit karena dalam waktu yang singkat mampu menumbuhkan selsel yang hilang/rusak, kaya akan nutrisi dan senyawa aktif terbanyak berupa antioksidan, baik untuk perbaikan sel tubuh manusia.
Hasil penelitian Prof Dr. Ridzwan Hashim dari Malaysia, teripang mengandung 86,8% protein, kolagen 80%, mineral, mukopolisakarida, glucasaninoglycans (GAGS), antiseptik alamiah, chondritin, omega – 3, 6 dan 9 serta asam amino. Protein teripang mudah diuraikan oleh enzim pepsin dan bermanfaat untuk regenerasi sel; kolagen sebagai pengikat jaringan dalam pertumbuhan tulang dan kulit; kondritin sulfas memulihkan penyakit-penyakit sendi dan membangun kembali tulang rawan; omega 3 menghambat proses penuaan, menurunkan kolesterol jahat LDL dan VLDL dalam tubuh sehingga mengurangi resiko penyakit jantung.
Penelitian medis menyimpulkan, teripang dapat menjadi agen anti tumor dan sebagai obat Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). Hasil tes laboratorium dengan menggunakan sel limfoid menunjukkan, teripang mengandung gula bernama lektin yang bersifat mitogenik dan antimikroba yang efektif melawan kanker otot pada tikus serta kanker paru-paru manusia dengan dosis 5 dan 50 mikrogram. Lektin berefek terapi bagi HIV karena mampu menggumpalkan sel jahat serta berperan sebagai indikator adanya tumor.
Teripang memiliki gas beracun bagi ikan bernama holotrin, terapi hanya berakibat iritasi bagi mata dan kulit manusia. Karena ampuh untuk membunuh ikan, racun teripang kini dikembangkan sebagai obat antiseptik alami untuk melawan kanker dan infeksi.
Saat ini sudah beredar produk ekstrak teripang Stichopus hermanii yang lebih dikenal dengan nama teripang emas yang diolah menjadi produk suplemen berupa jell maupun kapsul, sampo, krim dan gel, pasta gigi, krim badan, serta minyak urut. Ke depan, pemanfaatan teripang akan semakin berkembang.
Sabtu, 01 November 2008
seedling (Pangasius hypopthalmus)
seedling (Pangasius hypopthalmus)
I. Introduction
This fish is quite popular, (Pangasius hypopthalmus) fish came from Thailand and was first imported to Indonesia in 1972 by the Fisheries Research hall freshwater Bogor. The term Siamese is another mountain lele Bangkok or pangasius and in their home country called "Pla sawai."
I. Biological
Phylum: Chordata
Sub. Phylum: Vertebrata
Supae class: Leo
Class: Ostechtyes
Subclass: Actinopterygii
People: Ostariophysi
Clan: Pangasius
Type: Pangasius hypopthalmus
- Agency aft, flat body shape, not scaly, small head, small eyes, mouth, head and true width, has two pairs of mustache, a small back fin and higher, have adefose Fin, the color of gray spine and abdomen blackish silver.
- The river that many fish found in Southeast Asia, Lifestyle disungai that, in slightly muddy, muddy base and the temperature 25's to 30 OC.
- Jabal Siamese omnivora including fish, but sat on a flyblow Carnivora. Food of interest Brachionus sp., Crustacea, Cladocera. Flyblow yan new yellow eggs have exhausted the nature of the cannibal high.
- Association of Siamese mountain can be cultivated after the age of 4 years and married in the rainy season.
II. Seedling
A. Maintenance Association
- Master stored in special ponds with 0.25 density, s / d 1 kg/m2. Food provided by the form of Pellet dose of 3% per day and given 3 times per day.
- Signs of a mature parent gonad:
Females: abdomen see big, soggy hole and genitals reddish color.
Male: sex hole and when the reddish color to the hole dipijit sex will be out in white liquid (sperm).
B. Spawning
- Spawning a new can be done only in artificial, that is, menyuntikan hormone stimulation that comes from the gland hipofisa goldfish, a LHRH-or HCG.
- Master the female injection twice the lapse of time of 12 hours. When using kelenjer hipofisa first injection of as much as 1 dose, the second injection of 2 doses, but when using LHH with a dose of 0.5 cc / kg parent. The first injection of 1 / 3 and the second injection of 2 / 3 part ..
- Master male states once the 1 / 3 doses and conducted simultaneously with the injection of both the female parent.
- After 6 d 12 hours of injecting the second female parent checked every 1 hour ovulasi occurred when the striping is done with a trace of the stomach from the front of the hole toward sex and the eggs were in the container / tray plasitk. At the same time, the male parent also distiping mixed with sperm and eggs. Then added physiological solution (NaCl 0.9%) and stirred using quill during 1s / 2 minutes.
C. Hatching Egg
Eggs hatch in the aquarium with Aeration and water heater. The temperature 27 d OC 29. Usually the eggs will hatch within 18 d 24 hours.
D. Maintenance flyblow
Flyblow maintenance is still done in the hatchery aquarium, but the previous ¾ dirty water and the remaining eggs hatch, which does not have to be removed and replace with water to keep good quality ait. Replacement must be done each day until ready flyblow spread in the pond. The density of the separation flyblow 50's 75 head / liter. Flyblow the age of two days, given the form of feed naupli artemia until age 6 days. After the silk worms flyblow given until the age of 14 days.
E. Separating
- Preparation of the pond conducted a week before researching flyblow, which includes drying, dike repair, processing and manufacturing base land kemalir.
- Fertilization using chicken dung with the dose of 500 s / d 1000 gr/m2. A water pond filled with 40 cm and 3 days after orgophosphat accomplished with 4 ppm and left for 4 days.
- Management is done with calcium oxide dissolves into the barrel, then spread wide and constructed swimming base. Dosinya 250 d 500 gram/m2.
- Seeds are spread in the morning with a density 100 d 200 ekor/m2.
- Separating conducted for 21 days. Additional feed given each day the form of flour Pellet 0.75 gr/1.000 tail.
DISEASES
The disease is often attacked Jabal Siam is a parasite. Prevention can be done with the kitchen throw salt 200 gr/m3 every 10 days for maintenance, while for the disease Trichodina can be provided with a dose of formalin 25 ppm.
I. Introduction
This fish is quite popular, (Pangasius hypopthalmus) fish came from Thailand and was first imported to Indonesia in 1972 by the Fisheries Research hall freshwater Bogor. The term Siamese is another mountain lele Bangkok or pangasius and in their home country called "Pla sawai."
I. Biological
Phylum: Chordata
Sub. Phylum: Vertebrata
Supae class: Leo
Class: Ostechtyes
Subclass: Actinopterygii
People: Ostariophysi
Clan: Pangasius
Type: Pangasius hypopthalmus
- Agency aft, flat body shape, not scaly, small head, small eyes, mouth, head and true width, has two pairs of mustache, a small back fin and higher, have adefose Fin, the color of gray spine and abdomen blackish silver.
- The river that many fish found in Southeast Asia, Lifestyle disungai that, in slightly muddy, muddy base and the temperature 25's to 30 OC.
- Jabal Siamese omnivora including fish, but sat on a flyblow Carnivora. Food of interest Brachionus sp., Crustacea, Cladocera. Flyblow yan new yellow eggs have exhausted the nature of the cannibal high.
- Association of Siamese mountain can be cultivated after the age of 4 years and married in the rainy season.
II. Seedling
A. Maintenance Association
- Master stored in special ponds with 0.25 density, s / d 1 kg/m2. Food provided by the form of Pellet dose of 3% per day and given 3 times per day.
- Signs of a mature parent gonad:
Females: abdomen see big, soggy hole and genitals reddish color.
Male: sex hole and when the reddish color to the hole dipijit sex will be out in white liquid (sperm).
B. Spawning
- Spawning a new can be done only in artificial, that is, menyuntikan hormone stimulation that comes from the gland hipofisa goldfish, a LHRH-or HCG.
- Master the female injection twice the lapse of time of 12 hours. When using kelenjer hipofisa first injection of as much as 1 dose, the second injection of 2 doses, but when using LHH with a dose of 0.5 cc / kg parent. The first injection of 1 / 3 and the second injection of 2 / 3 part ..
- Master male states once the 1 / 3 doses and conducted simultaneously with the injection of both the female parent.
- After 6 d 12 hours of injecting the second female parent checked every 1 hour ovulasi occurred when the striping is done with a trace of the stomach from the front of the hole toward sex and the eggs were in the container / tray plasitk. At the same time, the male parent also distiping mixed with sperm and eggs. Then added physiological solution (NaCl 0.9%) and stirred using quill during 1s / 2 minutes.
C. Hatching Egg
Eggs hatch in the aquarium with Aeration and water heater. The temperature 27 d OC 29. Usually the eggs will hatch within 18 d 24 hours.
D. Maintenance flyblow
Flyblow maintenance is still done in the hatchery aquarium, but the previous ¾ dirty water and the remaining eggs hatch, which does not have to be removed and replace with water to keep good quality ait. Replacement must be done each day until ready flyblow spread in the pond. The density of the separation flyblow 50's 75 head / liter. Flyblow the age of two days, given the form of feed naupli artemia until age 6 days. After the silk worms flyblow given until the age of 14 days.
E. Separating
- Preparation of the pond conducted a week before researching flyblow, which includes drying, dike repair, processing and manufacturing base land kemalir.
- Fertilization using chicken dung with the dose of 500 s / d 1000 gr/m2. A water pond filled with 40 cm and 3 days after orgophosphat accomplished with 4 ppm and left for 4 days.
- Management is done with calcium oxide dissolves into the barrel, then spread wide and constructed swimming base. Dosinya 250 d 500 gram/m2.
- Seeds are spread in the morning with a density 100 d 200 ekor/m2.
- Separating conducted for 21 days. Additional feed given each day the form of flour Pellet 0.75 gr/1.000 tail.
DISEASES
The disease is often attacked Jabal Siam is a parasite. Prevention can be done with the kitchen throw salt 200 gr/m3 every 10 days for maintenance, while for the disease Trichodina can be provided with a dose of formalin 25 ppm.
Jumat, 31 Oktober 2008
ENGINEERING seedling FISH (Mystus nemurus)
ENGINEERING seedling FISH
(Mystus nemurus)
I. INTRODUCTION
Fish (Mystus nemurus) is a freshwater fishery commodities in Indonesia. This fish has been successfully be made in Sukabumi BBAT since 1998. The texture of the meat white, thick and smooth Tampa thorn in the flesh, so that the community is very popular.
Before the production of fish generally come from the arrest in nature, so the results are not certain of the number and size. With the technique is known spawning fish Mystus nemurus, hoped business culture will be developed so that production can meet the needs of the community.
II. SISTEMATIKA
Phylum Chordata, Class Fishes, SUB-class Teleostei, genus of Mystus nemurus.
Mystus nemurus fish, stash or grouse have reached the eyes, have agreed not crouch pectoral fin and a big fat fin, and mouth sag. Mystus nemurus brown greenery, live in basic water and omnivora.
In West Java Mystus nemurus known by the name of charge, senggal or singah: In Central Java: Singapore and Malaysia, bawon; Sarawak, baon: Central Kalimantan, Niken, siken, tiken, bato, baung white, and in Sumatra, baong.
The characteristics of the parent male and female Mystus nemurus:
- Master female: body shorter, has two forms of gender-hole round.
- Master male: Body longer, have one hole that gender shapes aft.
III. Seedling
A. Gonad maturation
Gonad maturation was conducted in a swimming Serious water with a continuous density 0.2 to 0.5 kg/m2. Every day Pellet feed given as much as 3 s / 4% per day from the weight of his body.
B. Selection Master
o Selection parent to parent to know the level of maturity that will be cultivated. .
o Master female marked with a distended bellies and soft, when the eggs ynag sorted out the shape of a round, whole brown color.
o Master male body is marked with the colors of the equipment and slightly reddish.
C. Injecting
o Master female states with ovaprin as 0.6 ml / kg and with a male ovaprin 0.5 ml / kg. Injecting done twice with the lapse of time of 12 hours. Each injection of as much as half the total dose.
o injecting done on the back
D. Spawning / Page
o When will be the natural, male and female parent who has been in the same states in the tanks that have been ijuk and allow spawn own.
o When will be sorted, then Page 6 will be made up to 8 hours after the injection of the second.
o The first step is to prepare sperm: take a bag of sperm with the male parent dissect the stomach, kuntimng bag and remove sperm. Liquids sperm in a glass that is already filled with NaCl 0.9% as part ½. Stir well to the average. If too thick, add NaCl solution until the white milk rather thin.
o Take the female parent, which will be issued eggs. Pijit the stomach toward the hole until the eggs out of sex. Dimpung eggs in a plastic cup that is clean and dry. Enter the solution less sperm and until evenly mixed. So that fertilization occurs, add water and mixed until evenly so that fertilization can take place with good, to wash eggs from other blood and dirt, add more water and then discarded. Make flushing s 2 / 3 times to clean.
o Eggs that have been included in the net hatchery aquarium water that has been filled. How to enter, eggs, taken with the quill, and not to the entire surface evenly until the aquarium. In the 36 hours the eggs will hatch and produced flyblow moved to the aquarium maintenance flyblow. After two days, flyblow fed the water flea (Daphnia, or Moina) or silk worms (Tubifex), which has been chopped. After the age of 4 days flyblow silk worms fed up to seven days.
E. Separating
o Preparation of the pond conducted a week before researching flyblow, which includes drying, dike repair, processing and manufacturing base land kemalir.
o management is done with calcium oxide dissolves into the barrel, then spread wide and constructed swimming base. 50 gr/m2 dose.
o fertilization using chicken dung is dried with a dose of 500 s / d 1000 gr/m2. A water pond filled with 40 cm and after 3 days organophospat accomplished with 4 ppm and left for 4 days.
o Seeds are spread in the morning with a density 100 ekor/m2.
o Separating I do for 14 days, separating II, conducted for 30 days. Additional feed day form of flour Pellet 0.75 gr/1.000 tail.
IV. DISEASES
Disease that often attacks the fish Ichthyopthirius was multifillis or better known as the white spot (white spots). Prevention, preparation can be done with good swimming, especially drying and management. Instruction is done with the kitchen throw salt 200 gr/m3 every 10 days during maintenance or soak the fish in the solution to the pain Oxytetracyclin 2 mg / liter.
(Mystus nemurus)
I. INTRODUCTION
Fish (Mystus nemurus) is a freshwater fishery commodities in Indonesia. This fish has been successfully be made in Sukabumi BBAT since 1998. The texture of the meat white, thick and smooth Tampa thorn in the flesh, so that the community is very popular.
Before the production of fish generally come from the arrest in nature, so the results are not certain of the number and size. With the technique is known spawning fish Mystus nemurus, hoped business culture will be developed so that production can meet the needs of the community.
II. SISTEMATIKA
Phylum Chordata, Class Fishes, SUB-class Teleostei, genus of Mystus nemurus.
Mystus nemurus fish, stash or grouse have reached the eyes, have agreed not crouch pectoral fin and a big fat fin, and mouth sag. Mystus nemurus brown greenery, live in basic water and omnivora.
In West Java Mystus nemurus known by the name of charge, senggal or singah: In Central Java: Singapore and Malaysia, bawon; Sarawak, baon: Central Kalimantan, Niken, siken, tiken, bato, baung white, and in Sumatra, baong.
The characteristics of the parent male and female Mystus nemurus:
- Master female: body shorter, has two forms of gender-hole round.
- Master male: Body longer, have one hole that gender shapes aft.
III. Seedling
A. Gonad maturation
Gonad maturation was conducted in a swimming Serious water with a continuous density 0.2 to 0.5 kg/m2. Every day Pellet feed given as much as 3 s / 4% per day from the weight of his body.
B. Selection Master
o Selection parent to parent to know the level of maturity that will be cultivated. .
o Master female marked with a distended bellies and soft, when the eggs ynag sorted out the shape of a round, whole brown color.
o Master male body is marked with the colors of the equipment and slightly reddish.
C. Injecting
o Master female states with ovaprin as 0.6 ml / kg and with a male ovaprin 0.5 ml / kg. Injecting done twice with the lapse of time of 12 hours. Each injection of as much as half the total dose.
o injecting done on the back
D. Spawning / Page
o When will be the natural, male and female parent who has been in the same states in the tanks that have been ijuk and allow spawn own.
o When will be sorted, then Page 6 will be made up to 8 hours after the injection of the second.
o The first step is to prepare sperm: take a bag of sperm with the male parent dissect the stomach, kuntimng bag and remove sperm. Liquids sperm in a glass that is already filled with NaCl 0.9% as part ½. Stir well to the average. If too thick, add NaCl solution until the white milk rather thin.
o Take the female parent, which will be issued eggs. Pijit the stomach toward the hole until the eggs out of sex. Dimpung eggs in a plastic cup that is clean and dry. Enter the solution less sperm and until evenly mixed. So that fertilization occurs, add water and mixed until evenly so that fertilization can take place with good, to wash eggs from other blood and dirt, add more water and then discarded. Make flushing s 2 / 3 times to clean.
o Eggs that have been included in the net hatchery aquarium water that has been filled. How to enter, eggs, taken with the quill, and not to the entire surface evenly until the aquarium. In the 36 hours the eggs will hatch and produced flyblow moved to the aquarium maintenance flyblow. After two days, flyblow fed the water flea (Daphnia, or Moina) or silk worms (Tubifex), which has been chopped. After the age of 4 days flyblow silk worms fed up to seven days.
E. Separating
o Preparation of the pond conducted a week before researching flyblow, which includes drying, dike repair, processing and manufacturing base land kemalir.
o management is done with calcium oxide dissolves into the barrel, then spread wide and constructed swimming base. 50 gr/m2 dose.
o fertilization using chicken dung is dried with a dose of 500 s / d 1000 gr/m2. A water pond filled with 40 cm and after 3 days organophospat accomplished with 4 ppm and left for 4 days.
o Seeds are spread in the morning with a density 100 ekor/m2.
o Separating I do for 14 days, separating II, conducted for 30 days. Additional feed day form of flour Pellet 0.75 gr/1.000 tail.
IV. DISEASES
Disease that often attacks the fish Ichthyopthirius was multifillis or better known as the white spot (white spots). Prevention, preparation can be done with good swimming, especially drying and management. Instruction is done with the kitchen throw salt 200 gr/m3 every 10 days during maintenance or soak the fish in the solution to the pain Oxytetracyclin 2 mg / liter.
Rabu, 29 Oktober 2008
equipment needed for the Aquarium fish
equipment needed for the Aquarium fish
1. Aerator, works to increase the amount of oxygen in the water. In addition, the aerator also works for the substances that are not needed to attract air and oxygen into the water.
2. Power Head, functioning water and sewage pumping to the filter. The tool also functions as a creator of the flow of light in the aquarium, which is useful to stimulate the growth of fish.
3. Filter, filter the dirt-functioning sewage, which is in the aquarium. This tool is needed to maintain the cleanliness of water aquarium.
4. Heater, works to increase the temperature in the aquarium when the temperature around the aquarium environment changed drastically. Changes in temperature.
source: AgromediaPustaka, 2008
Kamis, 16 Oktober 2008
Degrees of acidity of pH
Degrees of acidity of pH.
pH of the water shows the activity of hydrogen ion in the solution and expressed as a hydrogen ion concentration (in mol per liter) on a certain temperature, or can be written:
pH = log (H) * Pure water (H2O) was imperfect, so have the ion H and OH-ion in the same concentration, and in this mummy water pH = 7. The higher the concentration of H ion will be more low-OH-ion concentration and pH <7,> 7, the waters are basa (alkalis). Public waters, including sea water with all the activities of photosynthesis and respiration of living organisms in forming a chain reaction Carbonate-Carbonate as follows:
CO2 H2O -> H2CO3 -> H HCO3 -> 2h-CO32 -
The more CO2 generated from the results of respiration, the reaction moving to the right and gradually release the ion H pH of the water that cause the decrease. Reaction happens with activity as photosynthesis, which requires a lot of ion CO 2, causing the pH of the water board.
Sea water, with a content-ions Ca and Mg, which is large enough, can prevent large fluctuations of pH.
Ions Calsium and Magnesium will form carbonic salt-and salt mixture of bicarbonate and acid-carbonic acid with the salt-salt establish a system of buffer (buffer) is strong. Hence, the pH of sea water usually are slightly above normal and rarely out of bounds pH 7 - 9. The situation is very beneficial animals in it, including shrimp, because the activity respirasinya produce CO2 cause the pH around the gills slightly down, so should immediately return dinetralkan. The optimum pH value for the life of shrimp are in the range of 7 to 8.5. Nevertheless often happens capacity buffer sea water not be able to decrease the pH of the soil affected by the depth of basic embankment. Many cases this happens, especially in the ponds, ponds built in the area of land that contains pyrite (FeS2).
Pyrite is the closest to the air will oxidise hydrogen ion with the result that quite a lot, so that they can lower the pH of the water to below the value of 4. Increasing the value of the pH to a level that endanger the very rare in the ponds. Even if it occurs, can be overcome by fertilizing the acid reacts, such as sulfur fertilizer, sulphate fertilizers combined with organic fertilizer. If there is the tendency of increasing the pH, should do the replacement of some of the volume of water ponds. Case decrease the pH more often found in ponds, especially the new embankment. There are two ways to overcome the low pH value of soil acidity caused this basis, namely with
management and with the reclamation action.
source: Ir. Sri Umiyati Sumeru
Dra. Suzy Anna
pH of the water shows the activity of hydrogen ion in the solution and expressed as a hydrogen ion concentration (in mol per liter) on a certain temperature, or can be written:
pH = log (H) * Pure water (H2O) was imperfect, so have the ion H and OH-ion in the same concentration, and in this mummy water pH = 7. The higher the concentration of H ion will be more low-OH-ion concentration and pH <7,> 7, the waters are basa (alkalis). Public waters, including sea water with all the activities of photosynthesis and respiration of living organisms in forming a chain reaction Carbonate-Carbonate as follows:
CO2 H2O -> H2CO3 -> H HCO3 -> 2h-CO32 -
The more CO2 generated from the results of respiration, the reaction moving to the right and gradually release the ion H pH of the water that cause the decrease. Reaction happens with activity as photosynthesis, which requires a lot of ion CO 2, causing the pH of the water board.
Sea water, with a content-ions Ca and Mg, which is large enough, can prevent large fluctuations of pH.
Ions Calsium and Magnesium will form carbonic salt-and salt mixture of bicarbonate and acid-carbonic acid with the salt-salt establish a system of buffer (buffer) is strong. Hence, the pH of sea water usually are slightly above normal and rarely out of bounds pH 7 - 9. The situation is very beneficial animals in it, including shrimp, because the activity respirasinya produce CO2 cause the pH around the gills slightly down, so should immediately return dinetralkan. The optimum pH value for the life of shrimp are in the range of 7 to 8.5. Nevertheless often happens capacity buffer sea water not be able to decrease the pH of the soil affected by the depth of basic embankment. Many cases this happens, especially in the ponds, ponds built in the area of land that contains pyrite (FeS2).
Pyrite is the closest to the air will oxidise hydrogen ion with the result that quite a lot, so that they can lower the pH of the water to below the value of 4. Increasing the value of the pH to a level that endanger the very rare in the ponds. Even if it occurs, can be overcome by fertilizing the acid reacts, such as sulfur fertilizer, sulphate fertilizers combined with organic fertilizer. If there is the tendency of increasing the pH, should do the replacement of some of the volume of water ponds. Case decrease the pH more often found in ponds, especially the new embankment. There are two ways to overcome the low pH value of soil acidity caused this basis, namely with
management and with the reclamation action.
source: Ir. Sri Umiyati Sumeru
Dra. Suzy Anna
Selasa, 12 Agustus 2008
way of keeping gland of hipofise fish
way of keeping gland of hipofise fish.
Exploiting of gland of hipofise effective [is] at the most one [hour/clock] since dead fish. But, if supply of gland of hipofise had [by] quite a lot hence the glands can be conserved. Important matter which require to be paid attention in moth-balls gland [is] the gland have to come from fish which have matured genital.
Because of, [among/between] big fish and which [is] its gland size measure [of] him [is] [is] same relative hence during depository have to be remembered [by] weight of[is each fish which [is] its gland [is] kept. This matter require to anticipate [by] because a time gap [among/between] early depository and its use possible sufficiently long is. Depository [of] gland of hipofise in general can be [done/conducted] with two way of, that is using alcohol and acetone.
Exploiting of gland of hipofise effective [is] at the most one [hour/clock] since dead fish. But, if supply of gland of hipofise had [by] quite a lot hence the glands can be conserved. Important matter which require to be paid attention in moth-balls gland [is] the gland have to come from fish which have matured genital.
Because of, [among/between] big fish and which [is] its gland size measure [of] him [is] [is] same relative hence during depository have to be remembered [by] weight of[is each fish which [is] its gland [is] kept. This matter require to anticipate [by] because a time gap [among/between] early depository and its use possible sufficiently long is. Depository [of] gland of hipofise in general can be [done/conducted] with two way of, that is using alcohol and acetone.
Sabtu, 02 Agustus 2008
BREEDING of KOI
BREEDING of KOI
Things which must be paid attention when will breed koi [is] the availibility of pool, supply of mains of koi, ready [of] seed food, and treatment of tight selection. Pool Breeder. Pool Breeder not possible (to) become one with garden pool. Pool Breeder have to have inclusion door and door expenditure of separate water.
Besides, entire/all pool have to be plastered and can be dried finely. Wide [of] Breeder pool vary. For narrow;tight pool can use pool for the width of 3-6 m2 with deepness 0,5 m. Pool location enough get sunshine, [do] not too roaring, [is] covert from children reach and other concubine animal. If possible, providing also pool hatch of egg, and place treatment of seed. Hatch pool, its for can be square [of] length or is circular. If circular pool, its diameter [among/between] 1,5-2 m.
One pool if there [is], that is pool to grow natural food which weared for the supply of seed food if its egg yolk have [used up/finished]. Deepness of pool [about/around] 30 cm. Wide [of] [of] pool [among/between] 6-10 m2, adequate enough. To owning money enough, pool wall can be endued [by] vinyl, that is ordinary materials to make basin of fiberglass. With vinyl coat, the pools more well guaranted its hygiene and effect of cement can be eliminated. Select Mains. Especial Condition [of] mains [is] mains candidate have matured genitals and mature body. Matured [of] its meaning genitals [of] masculine mains have yielded female mains and sperma have yielded matured egg.
Mature its meaning body, physically they have ready to become productive mainss. Other condition [of] its prima physical, [do] not handicap. Its complete fins, also its its[his]. Its movement [of] classyness, well-balanced, [do] not weaken. Minimum age 2 year [at] male, clan 3 year [at] is female. compared to bigger Female [of] male, its stomach seen compared to bigger [of] back.
masculine on the contrary, more slender and its stomach flatten if seen from back. masculine Chest mains fin ready to marry will emerge white fleck. A female mains relate to 2 or 3 masculine mains. If a female only given a male [in] breeder pool and at haphazard its male [of] ngadat, fail breeder. By providing masculine stok more than one, failure of breeder can avoid. To be suggested not to to use nicest mains stok, because its bad clan usually. Children not yet of course as good as its mains. Which [is] breeding better run of the mill koi, but still have the nature of exeeding, like its condensed colour. At the (time) of seed selection, later can be selected is which [is] which are good and is which [is] which are is bad. Preparation of Pool. First time which must be drawn up for breeder [is] pool. Pool dried [by] below/under sunlight. Inclusion door attached [by] filter to shuting-out fish [him/ it] a thousand or other water pest. [At] dismissal door attached [by] filter to prevent egg which possible drift. egg of Koi patch ( adesip) in character.
Usually koi will lay eggs below/under materials or crop any kind of which can wear to paste up its egg. Therefore provide place paste up adequate egg egg of to koi can safe. place patch egg can use kakaban ( place patch made egg [him/it] of fibre of palmtree materials , weared for the breeding of goldfish. Kakaban made of [by] nipped fibre of palmtree with bamboo blade and nailed [by] me. good Kakaban [is] made from long fibre of palmtree and flatten, size measure of kakaban 40 wide cm and 120 long cm. amount of needed to be kakaban to be adapted for is big [of] female mains, usually 4-6 to each;every 1 female mains singk. [So that/ to be] can float, kakaban compiled [by] above bamboo rasher which still is intact. Above kakaban given [by] blade of bamboo and bound corps of to kakaban [do] not tercerai-berai when prolific mains couple. Before attached, kakaban cleaned, to be cleaned, and rinsed [so that/ to be] freing from mud.
Kakaban attached [by] after pool filled [by] water. Water always empty into breeder pool to stimulate couple of koi to be prolific. Besides kakaban, place patch egg can also use crop irrigate like compiled Hydrilla or string cutting in the place of fibre of palmtree. Execution of Breeder. Mains [entered/included] [by] [about/around] at 16.00 and will start midnight prolific. Female mains will swim to encircle pool followed [by] masculine mains rear. More and more their movement llama more and more to exclaim. Masculine mains paste up its body when following female mains.
At its height, female mains will [release] its egg once in a while hop into the air. this Female Aktifitas [is] immediately followed [by] male by [releasing] dilution of sperma. hit [by] eggs [is] sperma will patch [at] materials or kakaban paste up hard and other egg release. Also there are some egg which fall to pool base. Marriage finish [at] morning. Mains [is] immediately disjointed with its egg. If losing time, egg can be eaten [used up/finished] by its mains. There [is] two way of to dissociate mains of yielded egg. First, by removing mains of breeder pool and remain to let egg hatch [in] pool. Way of [both/ second] by removing egg to hatch pool. Way of first more practical because more economical farm ( pool). To prevent in order not to be attacked mushroom, eggs soaked first in condensation of Malachytgreen with dose 1 / 300.000 during 15 minute before put [in] hatch pool.
When will soak this eggs, better kakaban shaken down [at] water [so that/ to be] dirt which possible close over egg can release. hatch of Egg. [So that/ to be] hatching better, egg have to always sink and water temperature remain to be constant. If temperature too is cool, hatch will take place llama. If temperature too high, egg can die and decay. [So that/ to be] egg can terendam all, network of kakaban have to " be engulfed" into pool. For that can wear banana tree bar service. Crosscut three banana bar as long as 40 cm, last put down above kakaban with two joint bamboo as its pallet. [So that/ to be] can stabilize, banana bar smoothed down one of [the] its side. In tempo 2-3 egg day of koi have started to hatch. After hatching kakaban lifted and carried over [by] other place. Later kakaban can wear again in other opportunity. seed of Koi old age one week still is soft.
Generally people incubate egg of koi in hapa that is sack;bag which [is] have ordinary soft eye [to] to accomodate seed. [In] net, seed of koi collected easier and [do] not drift brought current. New Koi hatch still bring egg yolk as supply of first especial food. During that they not yet required food from outside because its digestion not yet been formed [by] perfection. Two or three-day later;then, they have started to swim. In this time the up for providing food to seed. This seed have to be carried over [by] magnification pool which containing many natural food. Treatment of Seed.
Seed which have swum free have to be carried over [by] magnification pool. this Magnification pool have to be drawn up, [so that/ to be] growed [by] natural pakan, one week before pemijahan. As for its preparation stages;steps as follows. Pool dried [by] during two-day below/under sunlight and sprayed with pesticide [so that/ to be] animal which [do] not desire [by] death. pesticide weared [by] Dipherex or of Nogos with dose 0,5-1,0 ppm. Later;Then to provide natural food in the form of lilliputian animal, pool fertilized with chicken dirt and hay. hay overlaped with stone and put down [by] [in] pool sudutsudut. Dirt chicken volume 1,5 singk / m2.
Door inclusion of water to pool have to give [by] filter. In a few day, hit [by] water [is] hay will turn colour to become to squeeze chocolate. But, few days later;then will be clear return. If [gift/ giving] of chicken dirt and precise hay, in a few day later;then will grow and infusoria of fitoplankton. At the moment seeds of koi have [in] including after more or less ten day, daphnia will grow.
Otherwise can grow natural food, perforced to give seed food of koi with food made in like stewed egg yolk, prawn flour, milk powder for the calf of, and special flour food for koi. To take care of water [do] not decay by rest of food made in, [in] pool [entered/included] [by] new water [so that/ to be] rest of food drift. Select Seed. Activity most difficult from network activity of breeder [is] selection of seed. Selection [done/conducted] [by] when seed old age 1 till 3 months, and seed dissociated according to size measure grow and its type. There are some tail of koi which generally grow big too, while some of again very tardy.
This selection also assist koi which [is] its tardy growth can grow normal return. During 1-3 selection months [done/conducted] [by] counted 3 or 4 times. First selection, [done/conducted] [by] [about/around] 2 week after hatching to Showa, 50 day after hatching for Ogan, 60 day for Kohaku and Taisho-Sanke. Seed which is [is] defect to be marked ruddled is, white, or just black. Usually from amount of seed hatching, good only 10-20%. [done/conducted] [both/ second] Selection to determine colour pattern and quality as a whole.
After finishing selection, fewer best seed which still remain. Seed selection only can be [done/conducted] truly by they which have close to koi. Eyesight which is [is] keen to be needed to to get good seeds [is] its quality. In general seeds of koi which get away selection have the following marking - Body and [his/its] normal fin, [do] not handicap - its Body colour have looked is uppermost, as according to its its[his] - White colour, red, black or turn yellow to look clear [do] not be mixed with other colour. source : Heru Susanto , 'KOI"
Things which must be paid attention when will breed koi [is] the availibility of pool, supply of mains of koi, ready [of] seed food, and treatment of tight selection. Pool Breeder. Pool Breeder not possible (to) become one with garden pool. Pool Breeder have to have inclusion door and door expenditure of separate water.
Besides, entire/all pool have to be plastered and can be dried finely. Wide [of] Breeder pool vary. For narrow;tight pool can use pool for the width of 3-6 m2 with deepness 0,5 m. Pool location enough get sunshine, [do] not too roaring, [is] covert from children reach and other concubine animal. If possible, providing also pool hatch of egg, and place treatment of seed. Hatch pool, its for can be square [of] length or is circular. If circular pool, its diameter [among/between] 1,5-2 m.
One pool if there [is], that is pool to grow natural food which weared for the supply of seed food if its egg yolk have [used up/finished]. Deepness of pool [about/around] 30 cm. Wide [of] [of] pool [among/between] 6-10 m2, adequate enough. To owning money enough, pool wall can be endued [by] vinyl, that is ordinary materials to make basin of fiberglass. With vinyl coat, the pools more well guaranted its hygiene and effect of cement can be eliminated. Select Mains. Especial Condition [of] mains [is] mains candidate have matured genitals and mature body. Matured [of] its meaning genitals [of] masculine mains have yielded female mains and sperma have yielded matured egg.
Mature its meaning body, physically they have ready to become productive mainss. Other condition [of] its prima physical, [do] not handicap. Its complete fins, also its its[his]. Its movement [of] classyness, well-balanced, [do] not weaken. Minimum age 2 year [at] male, clan 3 year [at] is female. compared to bigger Female [of] male, its stomach seen compared to bigger [of] back.
masculine on the contrary, more slender and its stomach flatten if seen from back. masculine Chest mains fin ready to marry will emerge white fleck. A female mains relate to 2 or 3 masculine mains. If a female only given a male [in] breeder pool and at haphazard its male [of] ngadat, fail breeder. By providing masculine stok more than one, failure of breeder can avoid. To be suggested not to to use nicest mains stok, because its bad clan usually. Children not yet of course as good as its mains. Which [is] breeding better run of the mill koi, but still have the nature of exeeding, like its condensed colour. At the (time) of seed selection, later can be selected is which [is] which are good and is which [is] which are is bad. Preparation of Pool. First time which must be drawn up for breeder [is] pool. Pool dried [by] below/under sunlight. Inclusion door attached [by] filter to shuting-out fish [him/ it] a thousand or other water pest. [At] dismissal door attached [by] filter to prevent egg which possible drift. egg of Koi patch ( adesip) in character.
Usually koi will lay eggs below/under materials or crop any kind of which can wear to paste up its egg. Therefore provide place paste up adequate egg egg of to koi can safe. place patch egg can use kakaban ( place patch made egg [him/it] of fibre of palmtree materials , weared for the breeding of goldfish. Kakaban made of [by] nipped fibre of palmtree with bamboo blade and nailed [by] me. good Kakaban [is] made from long fibre of palmtree and flatten, size measure of kakaban 40 wide cm and 120 long cm. amount of needed to be kakaban to be adapted for is big [of] female mains, usually 4-6 to each;every 1 female mains singk. [So that/ to be] can float, kakaban compiled [by] above bamboo rasher which still is intact. Above kakaban given [by] blade of bamboo and bound corps of to kakaban [do] not tercerai-berai when prolific mains couple. Before attached, kakaban cleaned, to be cleaned, and rinsed [so that/ to be] freing from mud.
Kakaban attached [by] after pool filled [by] water. Water always empty into breeder pool to stimulate couple of koi to be prolific. Besides kakaban, place patch egg can also use crop irrigate like compiled Hydrilla or string cutting in the place of fibre of palmtree. Execution of Breeder. Mains [entered/included] [by] [about/around] at 16.00 and will start midnight prolific. Female mains will swim to encircle pool followed [by] masculine mains rear. More and more their movement llama more and more to exclaim. Masculine mains paste up its body when following female mains.
At its height, female mains will [release] its egg once in a while hop into the air. this Female Aktifitas [is] immediately followed [by] male by [releasing] dilution of sperma. hit [by] eggs [is] sperma will patch [at] materials or kakaban paste up hard and other egg release. Also there are some egg which fall to pool base. Marriage finish [at] morning. Mains [is] immediately disjointed with its egg. If losing time, egg can be eaten [used up/finished] by its mains. There [is] two way of to dissociate mains of yielded egg. First, by removing mains of breeder pool and remain to let egg hatch [in] pool. Way of [both/ second] by removing egg to hatch pool. Way of first more practical because more economical farm ( pool). To prevent in order not to be attacked mushroom, eggs soaked first in condensation of Malachytgreen with dose 1 / 300.000 during 15 minute before put [in] hatch pool.
When will soak this eggs, better kakaban shaken down [at] water [so that/ to be] dirt which possible close over egg can release. hatch of Egg. [So that/ to be] hatching better, egg have to always sink and water temperature remain to be constant. If temperature too is cool, hatch will take place llama. If temperature too high, egg can die and decay. [So that/ to be] egg can terendam all, network of kakaban have to " be engulfed" into pool. For that can wear banana tree bar service. Crosscut three banana bar as long as 40 cm, last put down above kakaban with two joint bamboo as its pallet. [So that/ to be] can stabilize, banana bar smoothed down one of [the] its side. In tempo 2-3 egg day of koi have started to hatch. After hatching kakaban lifted and carried over [by] other place. Later kakaban can wear again in other opportunity. seed of Koi old age one week still is soft.
Generally people incubate egg of koi in hapa that is sack;bag which [is] have ordinary soft eye [to] to accomodate seed. [In] net, seed of koi collected easier and [do] not drift brought current. New Koi hatch still bring egg yolk as supply of first especial food. During that they not yet required food from outside because its digestion not yet been formed [by] perfection. Two or three-day later;then, they have started to swim. In this time the up for providing food to seed. This seed have to be carried over [by] magnification pool which containing many natural food. Treatment of Seed.
Seed which have swum free have to be carried over [by] magnification pool. this Magnification pool have to be drawn up, [so that/ to be] growed [by] natural pakan, one week before pemijahan. As for its preparation stages;steps as follows. Pool dried [by] during two-day below/under sunlight and sprayed with pesticide [so that/ to be] animal which [do] not desire [by] death. pesticide weared [by] Dipherex or of Nogos with dose 0,5-1,0 ppm. Later;Then to provide natural food in the form of lilliputian animal, pool fertilized with chicken dirt and hay. hay overlaped with stone and put down [by] [in] pool sudutsudut. Dirt chicken volume 1,5 singk / m2.
Door inclusion of water to pool have to give [by] filter. In a few day, hit [by] water [is] hay will turn colour to become to squeeze chocolate. But, few days later;then will be clear return. If [gift/ giving] of chicken dirt and precise hay, in a few day later;then will grow and infusoria of fitoplankton. At the moment seeds of koi have [in] including after more or less ten day, daphnia will grow.
Otherwise can grow natural food, perforced to give seed food of koi with food made in like stewed egg yolk, prawn flour, milk powder for the calf of, and special flour food for koi. To take care of water [do] not decay by rest of food made in, [in] pool [entered/included] [by] new water [so that/ to be] rest of food drift. Select Seed. Activity most difficult from network activity of breeder [is] selection of seed. Selection [done/conducted] [by] when seed old age 1 till 3 months, and seed dissociated according to size measure grow and its type. There are some tail of koi which generally grow big too, while some of again very tardy.
This selection also assist koi which [is] its tardy growth can grow normal return. During 1-3 selection months [done/conducted] [by] counted 3 or 4 times. First selection, [done/conducted] [by] [about/around] 2 week after hatching to Showa, 50 day after hatching for Ogan, 60 day for Kohaku and Taisho-Sanke. Seed which is [is] defect to be marked ruddled is, white, or just black. Usually from amount of seed hatching, good only 10-20%. [done/conducted] [both/ second] Selection to determine colour pattern and quality as a whole.
After finishing selection, fewer best seed which still remain. Seed selection only can be [done/conducted] truly by they which have close to koi. Eyesight which is [is] keen to be needed to to get good seeds [is] its quality. In general seeds of koi which get away selection have the following marking - Body and [his/its] normal fin, [do] not handicap - its Body colour have looked is uppermost, as according to its its[his] - White colour, red, black or turn yellow to look clear [do] not be mixed with other colour. source : Heru Susanto , 'KOI"
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