Optimizing AdSense™ by User Behaviour

Optimizing AdSense™ by User Behaviour

by: Laura Ciocan
If web surfers behaved all alike, if there were strict patterns in users' behaviour, wouldn't all publishers be on a sunny beach right now, with a fancy-colored cocktail, worring not about AdSense™ optimization matters?

Web user's behaviour depends on two main groups of variables: the user-related one and the website-related one.

A) User-related Behavior Variables

Though people react very differently at various stimuli, we can identify some peculiarities specific to web surfers. The behaviour is much like yours. Have you considered watching your own actions while surfing on the web? This might help if you want to improve your site's appeal to readers, especially if you sell something or if you want your visitors to click on your ads.

Several groups of variables that influence users' behaviour can be identified:

* Components of the mental processes involved while searching and browsing on the Internet: attention, awareness, language, mental imagery etc.
* The behavior of websurfers is influenced also by their subjective approach to matters, determined by temperamental characteristics, such as mood, patience and their purpose and degree of interest.
* Also, users act differently varying with how used they are to web surfing.

Let's see how we can tweak our websites to turn these to our advantage (and turn visitors into “clickers”):

1. Mental processes

Attention - The web designer keeps the tools to direct readers' attention. A simple design, without unnecessary loading will prevent the reader from being distracted by unimportant elements. The ads placement must be done strategically, in a place impossible to overlook (recommended in the first paragraph, usually in the upper-left area). Pictures and graphics are considered attention-grabbers and will also be considered when choosing your ads' placement.

Awareness - This is a very debated topic. Opinions differ on readers' ads awareness. Some sustain that the more blended into content, the better, others say that this formatting will induce the readers the feeling of being “tricked” into clicking on ads, which they resent. I incline to say that blend-in ads work only for very well targeted ads, coming naturally as if belonging to the content. Positioning ads outside the content area would be effective mostly with advertising that builds brand awareness, based on image impressions.

Mental Imagery - Again, a pleasant, uncluttered design, a balanced look of the page contribute to a positive perception of the page from the part of the reader and to a more open state of mind. A professional layout is important. It inspires confidence, people don't want to purchase from a just any backyard business.

2. Subjectiveness

Patience - A golden rule: don't abuse your readers' patience (for they usually don't have one)! Web pages must load quickly, ads must not be placed in readers' way and should be kept to a reasonable number.

Purpose and Mood - Are more related to the topic of your site and the type of content you publish. The idea is that users' purpose and mood can be influenced by copy.

Degree of Interest - Besides relevant, good content, that answers questions, the reader's interest is influenced by involvement and interaction. Keep your reader involved, integrate your ads into an interaction environment: these will work wonders on your CTR.

3. User's Degree of Acquaintace with Web Surfing

Net savvy users have developed certain immunities, such as ad-blindness. These are less likely to click on any ads. Customizing ads for this type of readers means harder work; the result must be ads of high relevance (and remarkable ad texts!), with an aspect as close to the rest of the page as possible, as if they were a natural continuation of your ideas. Important! avoid default formats.

B) Site-related Variables

The type of the site and the topic attract visitors with different interests with different behavioral patterns.

1. Site Type — Readers vs Browsers

Whether the visitor is a “reader” or a “scanner/browser” depends also on the site type — content and topic. Generally, readers are regular visitors while “scanners” are the ones who look for information and will not spend too much time on the same site. Site topic and content are most times factors in bringing more “uniques” or more regular visitors. Though not as a rule, these apply to many sites:

Sites Attracting Unique Visitors - These are mostly commercial sites, content sites. Statistics say that unique visitors are more likely to be your clickers, for regular readers are more used to your pages' look and your ads. Contextual advertising works well with these sites. If you're headed for unique visitors, make your site “SE-friendly”. They come mostly from search engines and are said to be “pre-qualified” clickers. So, your efforts should be directed towards keywords and keyword phrases optimization. The ideal would be to go beyond the technicalities, that is finding out what are the most searched for keywords in your area of preoccupations and try to find out why these are popular, try to find a behavioral pattern. This can be achieved by statistics and analysis. Find out some niches in your area and the users' behaviour within them — that is, lists of searches and then see what is it customers want. This will solve your puzzle and give you exact hints towards what works best for your site. Keep in mind: unique visitors are mostly "browsers". Use ad placement and ad customization techniques that apply best for this type of users.

Sites with Regular Visitors - These are mostly forums, blogs and news sections (though news are somewhere in between). If you own sites with many bookmarks, that attract especially repeat visitors, then either you will be very imaginative in customizing your ads and finding new ways to interest your readers into clicking or if not the case, better use CPM based advertising. Brand bulding/reinforcement advertising works better in this case.

2. Site Theme Relates to Visitor's Mood and Purpose

Commercial Sites - Sites selling and promoting products are more suitable for CPC advertising. By their specific, this type of site will attract visitors looking for a specific product/service/business opportunity. Thus, users are more in a buying mood, are looking for a way to spend their money profitably. These are clickers.

Content Sites, Blogs, Forums - Unless you market specific products, your readers will land on your page without the express purpose of buying something. However, you can influence your reader's mood and needs thru witty, sales-directed copywriting. You just need to know some basic things that sell. One is that people are more likely to buy from persons they know, like and trust.

So, what will help you build these? Good content and structure. Especially with content sites, these are fundamental issues to focus on (unlike commercial sites that focus more on products). Good content, profesionally written and formatted for the web, containing information that is of high interest and relevance for the reader, within an easily manageable structure and good targeting on a specific theme are imperatives. On one hand these mean bulding confidence, the first step in selling. On the other hand they will attract well-targeted ads, more likely to interest your reader.

Great content will give you credit to your reader. Once you've gained trust, it's easy to direct your readers: you just give recommendations and the results will appear. (Avoid being too explicit in recommendations, though — for example, directing readers towards clicking on ads is against AdSense™ Program Policies.)

With blogs and forums, it is a different story. Not all forums and blogs are accepted for AdSense™ (or even if accepted, they must be also profitable). Only genuine, specifically-themed blogs and forums, with highly interesting content are suitable. These conditions being fulfilled, forums and blogs are perfect as a source of advertising money — they have what is very difficult for others to achieve: reader's trust, liking and involvement.


About the author:
Laura Ciocan writes for http://www.adsensehowtos.comwhere you can find how to guides and practical advice on Google Adsense.


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You Need To Write-Write Now!

You Need To Write-Write Now!
by: Timothy Ward
I've been shouting it for years, and I will probably keep shouting for many years to come. If you want to get some quality, free visitors to your website-You Need To Write An Ezine Article!

You can go ahead and admit that secretly you been toying with the idea anyway. You've fantasized about one day checking your email and seeing your name in the table of contents of your favorite ezine. You've imagine what it's like to know that hundreds, maybe even thousands, of people are reading YOUR words. And then there's the glorious payoff: Some of these people will visit your website. People who through reading your article have already established a relationship with you and are therefore more likely to pay real attention to what your website has to offer. Ahh, what a lovely dream...

But I'm telling you today to STOP DREAMING. Open your eyes, open up a new Word document and get started writing!

Of course, you need something to write about. I suggest one of two choices:

(1) Write about whatever subject your website covers. If your website is about Internet marketing, write about some of the ways your website suggests marketing online. If your website sells chocolate brownies, write about chocolate brownie recipes. If your website is a Drew Barrymoore fan site, please send me the URL immediately. Just kidding! Actually you could write and article about Drew's latest movie or her fight with alcoholism. The point is, if you have website-you have a topic.

(2) Write about something you know. We all have areas where we excel, as well as subjects that interest us. For instance, I know a lot about ezine articles so I write about them. One of the benefits of writing about something you know is what I like to call the 'Expert Factor'. If you write enough articles about a certain subject you will eventually get known as an expert in that field online. People will then trust what you say and will be even more inclined check out any websites or offers you endorse. In a nutshell-you gain credibility. And online that's a GOOOOD thing!

I'll just go ahead and blurt this one out because I know it's on your mind: Don't worry about being an expert writer. Don't shy away from writing ezine articles because you think you might misplace a few commas, semicolons or dashes. This is the Internet, not the Oxford Journal of Medicine. You're not trying to win a Pulitzer Prize. Just write your article the best you can, re-read it several times, run spellcheck, and then go from there. I also recommend waiting at least half a day and then coming back and re-reading your article. This allows your brain to basically re-boot and you may find some errors you overlooked before. But don't stress; You should see some of the typos I have made.

I'm not going to bombard you with everything there is to know about ezine article writing today. This article was designed to just wet your whistle a little bit. To get you in the mood so to speak. To get you wanting to write and to give you ideas on what to write about. I assure you there will be other article in the future that touch on all the other aspects of ezine article writing. For now, though, I'll leave you to your writing; Me, I've suddenly got a taste for some chocolate brownies...

About The Author
Timothy Ward is a webmaster and ezine publisher. For more of his tips on ezine articles and free promotion sign up for the new Ward Wide Webzine.

http://groups.yahoo.com/group/Ward_Wide_Webzine

wailinward@yahoo.com

STRATEGI MEMBANGUN PRODUKTIFITAS, BELAJAR DARI SOSOK KEBERHASILAN BURUH PANGGUL IKAN YANG MENJADI MILYARDER

STRATEGI MEMBANGUN PRODUKTIFITAS, BELAJAR DARI SOSOK KEBERHASILAN BURUH PANGGUL IKAN YANG MENJADI MILYARDER



Peningkatan produksi perikanan sudah gencar dikumandangkan seiring dengan semakin tingginya permintaan akan produk-produk hasil perikanan. Sesuai dengan hukum ekonomi, dimana ada permintaan dan penawaran, proses tersebut berkembang menjadi pasar produk perikanan yang potensial yang sejalan dengan pola konsumtif yang ada di masyarakat. Imbas dari meningkatnya permintaan adalah diperlukannya peningkatan produksi yang menuntut terjaminnya permintaan pasar. Dalam hal ini, produksi menjadi faktor penting sebagai rantai utama siklus pasar yang telah mampu menggerakkan roda ekonomi di masyarakat.

Dengan makin berkembangnya ekonomi, pada akhirnya akan semakin membuka wawasan baru akan arti pentingnya produktifitas dari manusia itu sendiri. Hal ini tentu telah disadari oleh semua orang bahwa peningkatan produksi akan dapat tercapai apabila terjadi peningkatan produktifitas sumberdaya manusia itu sendiri. Pada akhirnya, muara dari komnponen produksi itu adalah perlunya optimalisasi produktifitas manusia dalam rangka memberi keseimbangan antara kebutuhan pasar dan permintaan yang ada.

Upaya peningkatan produksi hampir selalu menjadi tujuan dalam strategi pembangunan nasional. Termasuk dalam hal ini adalah kebijakan pembangunan kelautan dan perikanan melalui program Kabinet Indonesia Bersatu jilid II telah diluncurkan melalui Kementerian Kelautan dan Perikanan. Salah satu sasaran utama dalam pembangunan kelautan dan perikanan adalah melalui pengembangan minapolitan dimana sektor perikanan diharapkan dapat menjadi sumber kesejahteraan bagi masyarakat Indonesia. Konsep dasar dalam kebijakan pembangunan sektor kelautan dan perikanan ini, sasarannya adalah meningkatkan kemampuan sumberdaya manusia. Dalam hal pemanfaatan sumberdaya kelautan dan perikanan diperlukan SDM yang mempunyai motivasi kuat dan profesional yang dapat mendorong dan meningkatkan pengembangan teknologi eksplorasi dan pendayagunaan sumberdaya perikanan sehingga mampu meningkatkan produksi perikanan sampai dengan 350% di akhir tahun 2015.

Sejalan dengan program tersebut, beberapa faktor penentu keberhasilan dari peningkatan produktifitas perlu dipelajari dengan mengidentifikasi faktor penentu keberhasilan yaitu melalui pemetaan potensi keberhasilan para stake holder yang telah mampu mengembangkan unit ekonomi perikanan secara mandiri. Dalam hal ini, strategi dan ide kreatif dari para pioner pelaku usaha perikanan perlu dirangkum dalam peta produktifitas yang dapat dijadikan data primer untuk kebutuhan analisis jangka menengah dan jangka pendek dalam mengembangkan pola yang sama untuk para stake holder lainnya.

Hasil utama dari identifikasi tersebut adalah bentuk-bentuk kesenjangan antara kebutuhan riil dan kemampuan nyata dari seseorang yang dikomparasikan dengan potensi sumberdaya alam yang ada di sekitarnya. Pola ini akan menghasilkan suatu bentuk program yang unggul dan dapat diadopsi untuk kepentingan kegiatan peningkatan produktifitas melalui pelatihan. Sisi-sisi positif yang merupakan energi positif dapat dikembangkan lebih lanjut untuk kepentingan strategi pengembangan SDM Kelautan dan Perikanan di masa datang.

Salah satu bentuk keberhasilan dari peningkatan produktifitas yang secara nyata tampak di masyarakat adalah sosok pengusaha ikan yang pernah mengikuti pelatihan SKK 60 Mil Plus dan mampu mengembangkan kompetensinya secara mandiri sehingga dapat menjadi teladan di daerahnya. Dia adalah seorang mantanh buruh panggul ikan yang bernama Bapak Abi Suprapto. Karena kemampuan dan keuletannya dalam mengembangkan kemandiriannya, dalam waktu 13 tahun telah mampu merubah nasibnya sendiri menjadi seorang pengusaha ikan dengan 13 kapal penangkap ikan dan usaha perdagangan ikan yang patut diperhitungkan di Kota Prigi, sebuah kota kecil di Kecamatan Watulimo Kabupaten Trenggalek Propinsi Jawa Timur.

Keberhasilan sosok laki-laki ulet yang bernama Abi ini telah membuktikan adanya energi posisitif yang telah dimanfaatkan secara nyata dalam meningkatkan taraf hidupnya sendiri. Jika dikaji, akan banyak ditemukan sisi-sisi positif yang dapat dicontoh, seperti bagaimana dia memanfaatkan sertifikat SKK 60 Mil Plus untuk dapat memberi pembelajaran kepada orang lain di sekitarnya. Perubahan dimulai ketika dia berprofesi sebagai pembawa kapal (Nahkoda) yang dapat mengembangkan sendiri ilmunya dan mampu mengelola usaha penangkapan sehingga mempunyai modal usaha yang cukup untuk berdagang ikan dan membeli kapal penangkap ikan sendiri. Bahkan sejak tahun 2003, dia telah mampu menambah armadanya setiap tahun sebanyak 1 unit.

Tentu tidak mudah untuk dapat menjadi sosok yang berhasil seperti dia, hanya saja semua itu akan dapat dipelajari dan dikembangkan menjadi suatu pola percontohan dalam peningkatan produktifitas pelaku usaha perikanan. Bagaimana tidak? Dari seorang buruh panggul ikan dan bahkan pernah menjadi tukang becak, sekarang hidupnya mapan dan bahkan naiknya honda stream terbaru. Sungguh suatu contoh nyata yang tidak berlebihan apabila patut untuk dibanggakan. Secara manusiawipun, dia sampai sekarang masih mengakui akan arti pentingnya pelatihan untuk meningkatkan kemampuan atau kompetensi sesorang sehubungan dengan kebutuhan keterampilan yang semakin mendesak seiring dengan berjalannya siklus ekonomi yang membuka peluang untuk memenuhi permintaan pasar.

Pak Abi adalah salah satu sosok nyata mantan purnawidya yang pernah mengikuti kegiatan pelatihan yang diselenggarakan oleh BPPP Banyuwangi. Pelatihan yang dilakukan itu sendiri merupakan bentuk wujud tanggung jawab BPPP Banyuwangi dalam mencetak SDM yang kompeten dan profesialisme di bidangnya. Keberhasilan pelatihan tersebut dikarenakan adanya prosedur operasional standar yang telah ditetapkan oleh manjemen kediklatan untuk mencapai tujuan yang optimal. BPPP Banyuwangi juga telah merencanakan kegiatan pelatihan dengan didasarkan pada identifikasi kebutuhan pelatihan dan data potensi SDM serta potensi sumberdaya alam terutama perairan untuk kegiatan usaha perikanan khusunya perikanan tangkap.

Kita patut bangga dengan keberhasilan seorang purnawidya, akan tetapi justru beban yang ada dalam mengembangkan produktifitas semakin berat karena makin tingginya persaingan secara global. Hal ini menuntut adanya perubahan-perubahan yang disesuaikan dengan perkembangan ekonomi dunia dan perubahan iklim yang membuat para perencana untuk dapat memperhatikan antara jati diri pelaku usaha, potensi sumberdaya dan daya dukung alam sehubungan dengan kelestarian alam. Akhirnya kita dituntut untuk semakin matang dalam mengelola sebuah program pelatihan.



Sumber : Tim Publikasi BPPP Banyuwangi, Achmad Subijakto, A.Pi., MP

Producing profitable web sites without spending ages writing

Producing profitable web sites without spending ages writing
by: Phil Wiley
This is all about
content.

I've written it as a response to some criticism in my forum this week. A couple
of people said that I don't produce enough original content. Right now that's
true. I'm not writing a lot.

But I'll tell you what. I'm doing what works.

The sites I've been building for the past few months are producing results. Big
results.

My sites, whether they're mini sites or big sites, work. And they bring in a
huge income every week from Google Adsense, Searchfeed, and affiliate programs.

So should I care what people are saying?

Yes I should.

Not just because I've been criticized, which is never nice, but because I still
believe that the key to long term success is running on-topic content which is
unique to your own web site.

I don't believe the sites I've built over the past few months are going to keep
producing an income for years, where the original content sites I've got will
keep working for years.

But I'm making hay while the sun shines and you should too.

Here's how I'm doing it:

Many of the sites that people were talking about were created with Traffic
Equalizer and heavily modified with templates, and by changing things with
search and replace, to add individuality. Just one of these sites makes more
every week than I used to earn working full time in my old newspaper job.
(interestingly this site now gets more traffic from the new Yahoo search engine
than it does from Google, where just a few months ago it was nearly all from
Google).

I hardly write anything on these sites, just an article on the index pages of
each folder/sub directory.

In case you don't know, Traffic Equalizer http://www.ozemedia.com/trafficeq is, in essence, an automated directory
builder taking search engine results from your keyword list and building pages
around them. Lots of big name marketers are using it to make a lot of money.

I run Google Adsense on the pages, and also put at least one affiliate program
on a page. Very often it will be an ebook sold through Clickbank.

On some sites I put a number of Searchfeed links on the pages
http://www.ozemedia.com/searchfeed.htm but I'm a bit worried about using
Searchfeed and Adsense together so I don't do it often, but Searchfeed still
send me a check for a $1000 plus each month - which is a nice little side
income.

My main concern with Traffic Equalizer has always been that someone else
building a page on the same search term could have an almost identical page to
mine. Search engines don't like this.

But the good news is that Traffic Equalizer has just been improved. A few weeks
ago Jeff Alderson, the programmer, asked me if I had any ideas on how to make it
better, and I suggested he try and find a way of getting the site content from
more sources and then randomizing the output. This would make it less of a
chance that two users would build identical pages. Well he's a fast worker and
the new improved version came out a couple of days ago, and though I haven't had
a chance to try it yet, I'm sure it's going to work. At least short term to mid
term.

The bad news is that I'm not certain of the long term viability of the sites.
They do well for a few months, but if you can't continue getting high quality
links to them they tend to drop down the rankings. Also I'm sure that Google
won't want the search results to be totally clogged with sites built with
Traffic Equalizer, and will eventually change their algorithms to make the pages
rank a lot lower than they currently do. If they did this by targeting pages
with lots of outbound links but few inbound links it would be damaging to the TE
pages.

Having said that, these sites DO work. And Google allow their Adsense Ads to be
run on them.

Some people don't like the idea of building writes using Traffic Equalizer
because it somehow seems wrong to them. They don't like the "quality" of the
sites it produces. But the search engines LOVE the sites. Many of the pages they
produce rank very high, and unlike the quite short lived fad of building
"smartpages" they don't do anything against the search engines rules. They don't
redirect, they don't mislead people. They just build simple directories.

I'm not going to name anyone, but some REALLY famous people in the internet
marketing world are doing very well with TE. These people consistently make a
huge income year after year by doing what works at the moment. In other words
they use the tools which bring them an income.

You should be doing it too Bill

http://www.ozemedia.com/trafficeq

Just one thing to mentally make a note of.

You have to be patient. Unless you already have a few high Pagerank sites you
can link to them from, these sites take a few months to take off. During those
months you need to keep build new sites. If you get despondent because the sites
look like they not going to do well you'll stop building them, and then curse
yourself a few months down the track when you realize you could have had 20 more
sites steadily coming online. In other words you don't see instant results, but
you have to keep building sites and pages. There is no easy option, no quick
work around. You work hard at building these sites and success will come.

_________________________________



So - seeing I think Traffic EQ sites won't keep working for years - what about
long term sites?

Well contrary to what a few people said in my forum I do still build sites full
of articles that I write or pay someone to write.
Right now I'm building a network of travel sites which will be full of articles
and photographs of places I've visited. They're going to be mini sites of
between 5 and 12 pages, though perhaps as high as 20 pages on some of them
because the photographs are going to take up quite a bit of space.

This week Kate has spent most of her time writing touristy type, personal
experience articles on London and York. Next week she's moving on to write about
Japan. After that it's going to be France. Then she's doing Malaysia, before
working on a big site about Australia. We'll be using photographs that I've shot
in the past few years in each of these places. And I'll also put together a site
on Bangkok in Thailand, which I visited recently.

All the content, both photographs and articles, will be totally unique to the
sites we build. They'll be keyword rich and the sites properly structured to
please the search engines. I haven't yet decided if I'll build the sites with
Traffic Equalizer. If I use TE http://www.ozemedia.com/trafficeq I'll just use
it to provide the structure of the site - pages, linking structure - then remove
most or all of the outbound links and replacing them with the articles and
photos.

Rather than just putting all the content up on one domain I've registered a
whole bunch of domain names and I'm hosting them in the countries the site is
about ( except Japan because I can't find a low cost Japanese web host ). The
sites will then be interlinked to help improve their search rankings - as
detailed in Michael Campbell's Revenge of the Mininet
http://www.ozemedia.com/mininet.htm I'm going to the trouble of finding hosts in
each country because I think it just might improve the web ranking chances a
little. Though I'm not certain on this. I'm quite certain, however, that if
they're linked together the way Michael describes they need to be on different
web hosts in a different IP range.

Here's what's involved ( so you can see why I take the easy option sometimes and
just do sites built with TE http://www.ozemedia.com/trafficeq )


* First of all I had to do the traveling and suffer all that jetlag.

* Carry a pile of heavy camera gear around everywhere.

* Spend hours at the computer editing the pictures.

* Research the keywords so that I can build pages around search terms that
people are actually looking for ( I use Wordtracker to do this
http://www.ozemedia.com/wordtracker )

* Pay Kate to write most of the articles, and get my weary brain into action to
write some myself for the places for Bangkok which she hasn't yet visited.

* Decide on whether to run with Adsense, or an affiliate program or both. (I've
yet to find a travel affiliate program I'm happy with, but some pages might
carry affiliate ads for luggage or books)

* Choose domain names and find web hosts.

* Build the sites and link them together as in Mininet
http://www.ozemedia.com/mininet.htm

* Upload them to the hosts by FTP

* List them with Google and Yahoo ( I don't bother about the rest, AOL, MSN and
the others will quickly find you from Google.)

______________________________________


By the way I'll probably use Traffic Equalizer on different domains to build
pages to direct traffic to my travel network sites. The same way I now use
Traffic Equalizer to send traffic to my other mini sites.


______________________________________


So what do you do if you want to build content sites like my travel sites but
you can't write and don't have an employee who can quickly churn out words?

I think the best way is to sub contract.

There's a lot of talk in the media about how people are losing their jobs
because a lot of American companies, as well as many in England and Australia,
are outsourcing jobs to India.

Have you thought of joining them and outsourcing your web content to India?

I've just taken my first steps to doing it. But unlike big companies I'm not
putting anyone out of a job, just helping create jobs.

Wages are very low in India, a country which has some of the best educated
English speaking people in the world. And to us Westerners people work for
peanuts in India. According to an article in Computerworld magazine
http://www.computerworld.com/careertopics/careers/story/0,10801,91916,00.html?from=story_kc
a programmer in India earns around US$7500 a year. ( A programmer in China
earns around 20 to 30% less, but it's hard to outsource content creation to
China because, unlike India, few people write English well enough)

I'm not the first to think of using people in India to write my web content.
While I was researching this piece I found that the giant builder.com has
started offshoring authoring of many of its articles to India
http://www.newsforge.com/trends/04/03/18/2240229.shtml

So how do you find people in these countries? The easiest way is to use an
outsourcing web site. Try these.

http://www.elance.com
http://www.rentacoder.com
http://www.guru.com
http://www.smarterwork.com

Do a search on them for "search engine optimised web content ", "content
writing" or just "web content". When I looked on elance last week I saw bids as
low $5 per page, but the lowest I saw today was $10 a page. This is still
incredibly cheap.
Here's the $10 a page bid - "Thanks for the opportunity to bid on your project!
My quote is based on a rate of $10 per article (350-500 words). I'm a marketing
professional with over 10 years of experience."

_____________________________


Another possible way to use these sites is to hire people to create new products
for you. At the time of writing this letter there are 5 bids for writing a
recipe ebook. The lowest bidder is willing to do the whole project for just
US$400. In fact the highest bid is just $450. Someone else is willing to write a
50 page ebook on stopping headaches for $8 a page, which also adds up to $400.

Here's another for an ebook about looking after your skin.

Wanted: A ghostwriter for an Informational eBook entitled ""Perfect Skin:
Cleansing, Nourishing, Prot ..."

And again someone is willing to write it for just $8 per page "Our bid is based
on US$8 per page (250-300 words) with minimum billing of 50 pages (additional
pages will be billed at the rate of US$8 per pages) and includes all necessary
research and revisions. You will own full copyrights. Completion Time: 16
working days."


About the author:
Phil Wiley is the author of the best selling book Mini Site Profits www.minisiteprofits.comand writes the free weekly Letter from Phil at www.ozemedia.com

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Retired? Need Some Extra Cash?

Retired? Need Some Extra Cash?

by: Joe Clare
Are you retired? Are you considering part-time work to make some extra cash? Have you ever considered the Internet as a means of making that extra cash? Questions, questions, questions! Well, here is an idea for you.

Technology has become much simpler over recent years. The learning curves are not as severe as they once were. The invention of the mouse and the Window's operating system has made operating a computer easier than ever. So, why not have a look at the Internet as a means of making money. With all the experience that a retired person possesses from years of employment and hobbies, this medium is definitely worth taking a look at. And, the great thing about working online is that you can work-at-home. No long commutes to work. No 9 to 5 either, your hours can be flexible so you can still enjoy your retirement. Plus, your online business can lead to that extra income you're looking for.

What would you need to get an online business started? There are no special skills required for this home-based-business. But, you would need the confidence that you can be successful with an online business regardless of your computer or Internet experience and skills. And that would be just basic computer and Internet knowledge. Surfing the Net, reading and sending emails, creating webpages and uploading them, really are not that difficult to figure out. Most eight year olds can do it at a drop of a hat, it is that easy. Then of course you will need a computer and Internet service, but since you are reading this article you already have that.

Next is the question, "What kind of Internet business should I look at?" I am going to suggest eBay. eBay is an online auction community allowing it's members the opportunity to both buy and sell items online. The eBay site is very easy to use. You won't even need any inventory to get you started! Why? Well, you know all that stuff around your home you've been wanting to get rid of, sell it on eBay. That's right, sell it on eBay. You can clean out your closets, basement, or garage and make some extra cash at the same time. As well if you have a hobby making crafts, these items can be sold on eBay too.

Selling on eBay can be a most rewarding venture. Once you get your closets cleaned out ;-) you can then graduate to using Dropshippers, from there maybe using Liquidators. As explained in my book "eBay Marketing Wholesale SourcePak" using Dropshippers is a smart way to get your Auction Business up and running, especially in the beginning as you won't have to invest in costly inventory. From there the sky is the limit, the products are endless. If you have something worth selling, you are bound to find someone on eBay who wants to buy it. So, if you are looking for some part-time work to make that extra cash. Work for yourself, have a look at eBay!

Happy Selling!
Joe Clare

About the author:
Joe Clare is an active Netpreneur and eBayer! He is the author of numerous articles on how to succeed on eBay! Check out his latest Best Selling eBook "eBay Marketing Wholesale SourcePak" Your Passport to Success! at http://www.ebooksnsoftware.com


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Tips to Get Started on Your Koi Pond

Tips to Get Started on Your Koi Pond
by: Mark Justice



Outdoor living areas and fabulous gardens can be greatly enhance by the additions of an Outdoor Koi Pond. Nothing is more relaxing than sitting in an outdoor living area and enjoying the beauty of your gardens and its pond filled with glorious bright colored Koi Fish.

Koi Can grow to be quite large and will require at least 500 gallons of water,. The health of the Koi fish depends a great deal on the amount of space and the quality of the water. Temperatures of 60 to 67 degrees Fehrenheit are best for the Koi as they are a cold water fish. Those people living in a cool weather climate will be happy to know they will also be able to keep Koi during the winter months. In the winter when ice forms over the surface of the water the Koi will hybernate. No need to feed them in the winter as their digestive systems slow down almost to a halt allowing them to easily make it through the winter.

The Koi are not the only thing that make the pond and yard into an enjoyalbe and relaxing place to be. Plants and lilies are a great addition to the pond, your Koi will love them. The lilies can cover up to 70 percent of the ponds surface. Not only do they give cover and shade to the Koi, but they also cut down on the algae growth in the pond. Five or six hours a day is about the maximum amount of direct sunlight the Koi can tolerate and the lilies give the perfect shade to protect them from the sunlight. Koi fish are omnivorous which means they can eat both meat and plants and the lilies provide then with insects and larva to eat,.

Building your Koi Pond under a tree is another good way to provide the Koi with extra shade. But you may want to consider the fact that being under a tree will also attract a good deal of debris from the tree and will create a good deal more work to keep the pond clear.

The depth of the pond is important and rerquires some additional planning. Outside predators can be a problem with your outdoor Koi Pond and the depth of the water can provide some needed protection. Raccoons are always looking for a free meal and Koi Fish would be an ideal meal. You'll need about 4 feet of water to protect them from ground predators such as raccoon. In some parts of the country you will also need to worry about birds like the Great Blue Heron who like a good meal of Koi as well. Amazingly the Great Blue Heron can eat as much as 100 small Koi a day. To foil the Great Blue Heron you will need a water depth of about eight feet. Another good way to protect the Koi from bird predators is to put netting up over the pond.

Building your own Koi Pond gives you the freedom to use your imagination to build your Koi Pond and outdoor living area as lavishly and spectacular as you wish.

About The Author
Mark Justice is a long time koi fish enthusiast. For great information on koi fish ponds, visit http://www.raisingkoifish.com



The author invites you to visit:
http://www.raisingkoifish.com

Ekstrak Jinten Hitam (Nigella sativa) sebagai Imunostimulan Ikan Lele Dumbo yang terinfeksi Aeromonas hydrophila

Ekstrak Jinten Hitam (Nigella sativa) sebagai Imunostimulan Ikan Lele Dumbo yang terinfeksi Aeromonas hydrophila

Wednesday, 01 September 2010 12:37

Ikan lele (Clarias sp.) merupakan ikan yang banyak terdapat di Indonesia. Salah satu ikan lele yang banyak ditemukan di Indonesia adalah ikan lele dumbo (Clarias gariepinus). Ikan lele dumbo merupakan spesies ikan lele yang pertama kali diperkenalkan pada tahun 1984, yang diperoleh dari hasil persilangan antara induk betina lele asli Taiwan dan induk pejantan yang berasal dari Afrika. Lele dumbo masuk pertama kali di Indonesia pada tahun 1986, yang diimpor dari Taiwan. Gambar 1. Ikan lele dumbo (Clarias gariepinus) Ikan lele dumbo sudah banyak dibudidayakan di Indonesia. Usaha budidaya ikan sering terjangkit adanya penyakit ikan yang tidak jarang menggagalkan pertumbuhan dan kelulusanhidupan ikan sehingga mengakibatkan kematian masal pada ikan yang dibudidayakan (gagal panen). Penyakit ikan disebabkan adanya interaksi antara lingkungan, organisme dan ikan yang tidak seimbang. Penyakit ikan dapat disebabkan oleh fisika, kimiawi, dan biologis. Penyakit yang diakibatkan oleh fisik maupun kimiawi pada umumnya tidak menular (non infeksi). Sedangkan penyakit yang ditimbulkan oleh penyebab biologis kebanyakan menular (infeksi). Aeromonas hidrophila merupakan bakteri yang dapat menginfeksi ikan. Susanto (1988), melaporkan bahwa Aeromonas hidrophila dapat menyebabkan kematian masal pada ikan lele dumbo, sehingga Aeromonas hidrophila menjadi ancaman tersendiri yang menakutkan bagi para petani ikan atau pembudidaya ikan lele dumbo. Salah satu penanganan penyakit yang disebabkan oleh mikroorganisme (bakteri) pada budidaya lele dumbo adalah antibiotik. Antibiotik sebagai agen terapi pengobatan memang telah banyak membantu, namun ternyata juga menimbulkan ekses yang negatif, yaitu menimbulkan jenis penyakit baru maupun bakteri yang resisten terhadap antibiotik. Oleh karena itu, perlu adanya penanganan yang ramah lingkungan dan mampu memulihkan ikan lele dumbo dari infeksi bakteri tersebut, yaitu imunostimulan. Imunostimulan adalah zat kimia, obat-obatan, stressor, atau aksi yang meningkatkan respon imun non-spesifik atau bawaan (innate immune respon) yang berinteraksi secara langsung dengan sel dari sistem yang mengaktifkan respon imun bawaan tersebut. Imunostimulan adalah zat-zat yang dapat meningkatkan daya tahan tubuh terhadap infeksi penyakit, bukan meningkatkan respon imun spesifik (acquired immune respon), tetapi meningkatkan respon imun non-spesifik baik melalui mekanisme pertahanan humoral maupun pertahanan seluler (Sakai, 1999). Ikan telah diketahui lebih mengandalkan mekanisme sistem kekebalan non-spesifiknya atau bahawan (innate immune sistem) dari pada sistem kekebalan spesifiknya atau adaptif (Anderson, 1992) Gambar 2. Jinten hitam (Nigella sativa) Jinten hitam (Nigella sativa) merupakan tanaman yang berpotensi sebagai imunostimulan karena mampu meningkatkan sistem kekebalan tubuh dalam menghadapi patogen. Jinten hitam mengandung beberapa bahan aktif diantaranya, Thymowuinone (TQ), Dithymoquinone (DTQ), Thymohidriquinone (THQ), dan Thmol (THY). Tumar (2006) melaporkan bahwa ekstrak jinten hitam (Nigella sativa) dapat menghambat atau bahkan dapat membunuh bakteri Aeromonas hydrophila. Selain itu Hendrik (2007) menambahkan bahwa ekstrak jinten hitam dapat merangsang dan memperkuat sistem kekealan tubuh manusia melalui peningkatan jumlah, mutu, dan aktivitas sel-sel kekebalan tubuh manusia. El-Kadi dan Kandil (1986) melaporkan bahwa ekstrak jinten hitam berpengaruh menguatkan fungsi kekebalan, dimana kadar sel-sel T pembantu meningkat dibandingkan sel-sel T penekan dengan perbandingan rata-rata 72% serta terjadi peningkatan aktivitas sel-sel pembunuh alami rata-rata 75%. Endarti (2009) melaporkan bahwa ekstrak jinten hitam (Nigella sativa) merupakan bahan yang potansial untuk digunakan sebagai agen imunostimulan pada ikan lele dumbo yang terinfeksi Aeromonas hydrophila karena terbukti dapat meningkatkan jumlah sel darah putih dan diferensial leukosit yang dangat berperan dalam respon immune non-spesifik. Selain itu, ekstrak jinten hitam dengan konsentrasi 9% menunjukkan bahwa jumlah sel darah putih (leukosit) sebelum uji tantang 25516.67 sel/mm3 dan sebesar 97243.33 sel/mm3 setelah uji tantang. Aktivitas immunostimulator ekstrak jinten hitam pada benih ikan lele dumbo meliputi peningkatan jumlah sel darah putih (leukosit) terutama neutrofil, limfosit dan monosit serta ketahanan terhadap infeksi bakteri Aeromonas hydrophila yang ditunjukkan dengan tingkat kelangsungan hidup yang tertinggi mencapai 90%. Referensi Endarti. 2009. Pengaruh Pemberian Ekstrak Jinten Hitam sebagai Imunostimulan terhadap Hematologi Ikan Lele Dumbo.

sumber : http://www.perikanan-budidaya.dkp.go.id